Effect of T-2 toxin and zearalenone on the content of heat shock proteins in primary liver cell cultures

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological safety», Kazan, Russia

Contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins is of exceptional importance worldwide. In natural conditions, combined contamination of mycotoxins is more common. Toxin T-2 is one of the most dangerous agent of the group of trichothecene mycotoxins. At the cellular level, one of the main harmful effects of the T-2 toxin is the primary inhibition of protein synthesis due to binding of the peptidyltransferase enzyme and disruption of translation directed to the 60S ribosomal subunit. In addition, the presence of the toxin can lead to disorders at the genetic level, such as the induction of DNA fragmentation or DNA damage. Data on the effect of trichothecenes on the expression of the HSP70 heat shock protein gene are limited. In this regard, the aim of the study was to study the effect of T-2 toxin and zearalenone on the content of heat shock proteins in primary chicken liver cell cultures. To do this, the cell suspension was poured into glass vials of 2 cm³ each. T-2 toxin and zearalenone were introduced into vials in the form of an alcohol solution of 0.001 cm³ at doses of 0; 10; 100 and 1000 nM/m³. Vials with cellular suspension into which ethyl alcohol (96 vol. %) 0.001 cm³ was introduced were used as control. Subsequently, the vials were incubated at a temperature of 37 ° C for 24 hours. Then a dispersing solution was introduced in a volume of 0.2 cm³ per vial and incubated in a thermostat at 37 ° C for 20 minutes. The production of heat shock protein HSP70 was measured using ELISA. It was found that the introduction of zearalenone slightly changed the content of HSP70, the introduction of T-2 toxin, depending on the dose, caused an increase in the protein content up to 70 %, and the combined introduction of mycotoxins increased the protein content of heat shock by 180 %, which indicates a synergistic effect, however, the mechanisms of the effect require additional research.

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²The All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Animal Protection, Vladimir, Russia

³Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Scriabin, Moscow, Russia

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