Antibiotic sensitivity of aerobic representatives intestinal normobiota of pets living in Chelyabinsk

¹ Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

² Animal Protection Fund "Save Me", Chelyabinsk, Russia

³ Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Kazan, Russia

Corresponding author: Nailya E. Khaidarshina, neh-74@ya.ru

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Evaluation of the effectiveness of the experimental composition as a therapeutic agent for diarrhea of young cattle

In calves of the dairy growing period, disorders of the digestive organs are often found, accompanied by a violation of the composition of the microflora of the digestive tract with a shift in the ratio towards conditionally pathogenic species, which leads to diarrhea, reduces the productivity of animals. In this regard, the issue of developing new means of combating digestive disorders of productive livestock does not lose relevance.

Studies were conducted in three farms of the Republic of Mordovia, the effectiveness of a new drug (a composition based on selimaccide and mycelial fungus Fusarium sambucinum strain VKPM F-139) was evaluated in experiments as a therapeutic agent for diarrhea of young cattle.

Of the experimental animals – calves of the dairy growing period – in each of the three experiments, 3 groups of 10 heads were made up: Group 1 – healthy; group 2 – with signs of diarrhea; group 3 – with signs of diarrhea, were treated. The studied composition was administered orally for 14 days at a daily dose of 700 ml/head. Throughout the experiment, the clinical condition of the animals was taken into account, at the beginning of the experiment and after 14 days, fecal samples were taken from the animals to determine the composition of the microbiome of the digestive tract.

The results of the studies showed that the composition of the microbiome of calves with signs of diarrhea differed significantly from that of healthy animals: there was a shift in the balance towards conditionally pathogenic species, a decrease in the number of E. coli.

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Influence of the combined action of mycotoxins and ionizing radiation on allergic sensitization

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological safety», Kazan, Russia

Corresponding author: Eduard Iljasovich Semenov, semyonovei@bk.ru

. Ionizing radiation can have different biological effects depending on the dose and its power. Whole-body low-dose gamma irradiation activates immune responses in a variety of ways, but the effect and mechanism of low-dose irradiation on allergic responses remains poorly understood. The mechanism of allergic sensitization to food allergens also remains poorly understood. In this regard, the study of multiple chemical sensitivity, which is a multisystemic, relapsing disorder, that aggravates in response to various exposures (for example, pesticides, solvents, toxic metals, and mold) below a threshold calculated for age and sex, is of increasing relevance.

A study of the possibility of the action of ionizing radiation and mycotoxins (T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone) as factors - inducers of allergic sensitization was made. The study was carried out on white Wistar rats. Ovalbumin was used as allergen model. Modeling of subacute radiation sickness was performed with a single dose of 4.0 Gy with an exposure dose rate of 5.38 R/min. The doses of mycotoxins were at the MPC level, the animals were exposed for 10 days.

It was established that the consumption of mycotoxins increased the manifestation of anaphylactic shock in animals, while exposure to ionizing radiation, on the contrary, reduced it. The same trends persisted in the dynamics of antibody titers to ovalbumin. The combined effect caused a slight excess of these parameters relative to the control. The combined action caused a significant increase in intestinal permeability, which led to the accumulation of mycotoxins in the liver. An aftereffect and a delayed effect have been found.

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Morphometric assessment of ultrastructural organization Escherichia coli bacteria after exposure to gamma radiation

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Center for toxicological, radiation, and biological safety», Kazan, Russia

Corresponding author: Marina Yu. Gallyamova, marina_rb@inbox.ru

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Features of the selection of primers and probes of the kappa-casein gene (CSN3) for polymerase chain reaction with real-time detection (RT-PCR)

¹The Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skriabin, Moscow, Russia.

²Closed Joint Stock Company «Sintol», Moscow, Russia.

³Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS (IBCh RAS), Moscow, Russia.

⁴L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk-Dubrovitsy, Moscow Region, Russia.

Corresponding author: Saida Nurbievna Marzanova, s.marzanova@mail.ru

For the first time, based on bioinformatic solutions, a technology for creating a test system for the diagnosis of 4 alleles (CSN3^A, CSN2^B, CSN2^C, CSN2^E) in the kappa-casein locus is presented. Bioinformatics is an important tool that greatly improves the work of a researcher. The article describes the stages of working with the NCBI database and the Oligo 6.0, Primer3 programs for searching for kappa-casein gene sequences and selecting primers and probes. All the above work steps are relevant in the development of PCR kits. An algorithm of actions is described that contributes to the formation of a general idea for creating a set for determining alleles and genotypes in the kappa-casein locus in cattle. It is shown how the selection of the temperature regime, primers, probes is going on. The probes were labeled with fluorophores FAM—carboxyfluorescein and R6G—carboxyrodamine-6G. As fluorescence quenchers, RTQ1 (fluorescence quencher of the RTQ family) and BHQ2 (fluorescence quencher of the BHQ family) were used. In order to visualize the experiment, a layout of primers and probes in the genomic DNA sequence for the kappa-casein gene (CSN3) was presented. It marked the sites of hybridization of primers CSN_F, CSN_R and allele-specific CSN3-MaeII-wt, CSN3-MaeII-m, CSN3-HinfI-wt2, CSN3-HinfI-m2, CSN3-HaeIII-wt, CSN3-HaeIII-m2 probes. As a result of the obtained data, it was decided to stop at 40 amplification cycles. When searching for homology using the Nucleotide BLAST online Internet service, the homology of the sequencing results with the CSN3 gene sequence was shown at the level of 99.28%. The CSN3^B allele is a genetic marker associated with the cheese suitability of cow's milk, which is important for the correct determination of genotypes and alleles at this locus.

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The etiological structure of mastitis in cows in large livestock complexes for milk production

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Center for toxicological, radiation, and biological safety», department of bacteriology, laboratory of bacterial animal pathologies, Kazan, Russia

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A study of antimycotic activity substances against dermatophytes genus Microsporum

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Evaluation of total toxicity of feed by biotesting on simply and laboratory animals

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Center for toxicological, radiation, and biological safety», Testing center, Kazan, Russia.

Corresponding author: Gulnara Gabitovna Galyautdinova, galyautdinovaggg@gmail.com

Ensuring high productivity of farm animals and poultry is possible only with the organization of balanced feeding. The fodder base must satisfy the needs of a living organism for the necessary nutrients, in the right amount and in the right ratio. In this regard, the industry produces compound feeds already enriched with vitamins, enzymes, amino acids, micro- and macroelements, antibiotics, probiotics, etc. In the production of compound feeds, the peculiarities and requirements for nutrients of different types of animals are taken into account. Depending on the purpose, they are subdivided for cattle and small livestock, for pigs, for poultry, for rabbits, etc. However, as a result of an increase in the growth of various additives in the production of compound feed, the question of the possibility of using the method of general toxicity of feed and the reliability of the results is increasingly being raised. Do the inclusions of feed additives affect the survival of protozoa, as well as the possibility of «false toxicity» during cutaneous application and the effect on the digestive system of warm-blooded animals? The purpose of this work was to assess the overall toxicity of feed received at the ICTRB-VNIVI by survival rate on test cultures and on vivary laboratory animals (mice, rabbits) in accordance with GOST 31674-2012 «Feed, compound feed, compound feed raw materials. Methods for determining toxicity». During the primary screening for Stylonychia mytilus, the toxicity of feeds containing additives in the form of enzymes, preservatives, antibiotics, etc. was established. However, the confirmatory biotesting method on vivary laboratory animals (rabbits, mice) did not reveal toxicity in most of the studied feeds.

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Pesticides in bee honey and bee products

¹All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology - Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center - All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K. I. Skryabin and Ya R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Russia, Moscow, i.kusch@mail.ru

²FGBU VO Russian Biotechnological University, Russia, Moscow

³FGBU Federal Center for Animal Health, Russia, Moscow

Corresponding author: Irina Vyacheslavovna Kushch, i.kusch@mail.ru

Pesticides are poisonous substances for the destruction of plant pathogens; parasites; weeds and other pests, without which the agricultural industry cannot do today. However, non-target insects, such as honey bees, are harmed when pesticides are used incorrectly, leading to the death of their colonies and the ingress of pesticides into bee products.

The article presents the results of laboratory monitoring of residues of prohibited and harmful substances in bee products, covering the results in relation to pesticides and other pesticides from 19 branches of the Central scientific and methodological veterinary laboratory.

The main methods used for the implementation of food monitoring of beekeeping products on the territory of the Russian Federation are considered.