THE EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM AND ZINC ON RATS TREATED WITH CADMIUM

Federal Center for Toxicological,

Radiation and Biological Safety,

420075 Kazan, Scientific Town-2,

е – mail: svetlana150895@yandex.ru, 

The heavily influence of anthropogenic factors evaluated the level of heavy metals significantly. Cadmium is one of the most widespread toxins of this group and causes irreparable damage to organism and agriculture. Some vital elements exhibit protective properties against cadmium, so the properties of magnesium, zinc and their combinations on changes caused by cadmium exposure were studied. To this end, Wistar rats was used. Our findings suggested that cadmium exposure reduces the body weight gain of animals, increases lipid peroxidation, and also has a negative effect on liver, kidney, and mineral metabolism. The addition of magnesium, zinc and their combinations to feed partially reduces the effects caused by cadmium, while the use of zinc and zinc with magnesium in combination was more effective than the use of magnesium alone.

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9.    Manal F. Elkhadragy, Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim, Protective Effect of Fragaria Ananassa Methanolic Extract on Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2)-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats // Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods. - 2017. - V.27. - p. 335.

10.     Mehmet Kanter, Burhan Aksu, Meryem Akpolat, Yeter Topcu Tarladacalisir, Cevat Aktas, Hamdi Uysal, Vitamin E Protects against Oxidative Damage Caused by Cadmium in the Blood of Rats// European Journal of General Medicine.- 2009. - V.6 (3). - p. 154

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ACETAMINOPHEN INDUCED HEPATITIS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS

FSBSI "Federal Center for Toxicological,

Radiation and Biological Safety",

420075, Kazan Scientific town-2,

 e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru.

Toxic hepatitis is common in human and veterinary medicine. One of the methods for modeling hepatitis is the administration of acetaminophen.  In human medicine Acetaminophen overdose is the most frequent cause of ALF (Acute Liver Failure). Acute toxic hepatitis caused by acetaminophen reversible process, however chronic acetaminophen hepatitis, judging by the change in the relative size of the liver and its structure, as well as the level of serum enzymes, is an irreversible process that leads to deep systemic damage to the organism. 

1.    Alyautdin R.N. On the issue of the safety of acetaminophen / R.N. Alyautdin,               V.K. Lepakhin, B.K. Romanov, A.P. Pereverzev // Safety and risk of pharmacotherapy. 2014. –                  p.  5.

2.    Dombrowskiy, V.O. Overview of the main hepatoprotectors used in the practice of a veterinarian / V.O. Dombrowskiy // Actual issues of improving the technology of production and processing of agricultural products: Mosolov readings: materials of the international scientific-practical conference / Mar. state un-t - Yoshkar-Ola, 2020. - Issue. XXII. – p. 462.

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4.    Goncharova I. A. Change in liver function during stimulation and depression of macrophages in rats. Wistar with toxic hepatitis / I.A., Goncharova, S.Ya. Zhanaeva, O.A. Levina, O.V. Falameeva, T.A. Korolenko // Bulletin of the SB RAMS. - 2004.– p. 84.

5.    Güvenç M. Nobiletin attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats /            M. Güvenç, M. Cellat, İ. Gökçek // J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2020. – p.  1.

6.    Hu J., Efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine in "non-acetaminophen" acute liver failure: A meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials / J. Hu, Q. Zhang, X. Ren, Z. Sun, Q. Quan // Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2015. – p. 594.

7.    Khayyat A., N-acetylcysteine amide, a promising antidote for acetaminophen toxicity /     A. Khayyat, S. Tobwala, M. Hart, N. Ercal // Toxicol Lett. 2016. - p 133.

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9.    Kucheryavenkov M. A. Change in metabolic processes in hepatitis dogs /                            M.A. Kucheryavenkov, V.S. Avdeenko, M.A. Bagmanov, R.N. Safiullov // Uchenye zapiski KGAVM im. N.E. Bauman. - 2010. – p. 70.

10.     Kuzminova E.V. Prospects for expanding the spectrum of hepatoprotectors in veterinary medicine / E.A. Kuzminova, M.P. Semenenko, E.A. Starikova, E.V. Tyapkina, A.P. Fersunin // Scientific journal of KubSAU .  - 2014.- p. 787.

11.     Mohamed A.D. Association of antioxidant nutraceuticals and acetaminophen (paracetamol): Friend or foe? / A.D. Mohamed, A. I. Abushouk, R. Reggi, N. S. Yarla, M. Palmery, I. Peluso  // Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, Volume 26, Issue 2, Supplement, 2018. - p. 78.

12.     Sheibak V.M., Free amino acids of rat blood plasma with liver damage with acetaminophen and administration of taurine or a composition consisting of taurine and zinc sulfate / V. M. Sheybak, M. V. Goretskaya, V. Y. Smirnov, A. L. Dmitriev // Journal of State Medical University. 2006. – p.110.

13.     Simeonova R.  Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of saponarin, isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma Wend. on paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats / R. Simeonova,                    V. Vitcheva, M. Kondeva-Burdina, I. Krasteva, V. Manov, M. Mitcheva // Biomed Res Int. 757126, 2009. – p. 1.

14.     Skuratov A.G., Experimental modeling of toxic liver damage / A. G. Skuratov,            A. N. Lyzikov, E. V. Voropaev, S. L. Achinovich, Osipov B.B. // Problems of health and ecology. - 2011. - p. 27.

15.     Tropskaya N.S., Change in intestinal microbiota under the influence of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug acetaminophen / N. S. Tropskaya, I. G. Vilkova, E. A. Kislyakova,                  O. S. Kislitsyna, T. V. Chernenkaya, T.S. Popova // EiKG. 2018. - p.  86.

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MINIMIZATION OF THE MATRIX EFFECT WHEN INDICATING T-2 TOXIN BY IN-ELISA IN PLANT SAMPLES

Federal Center for Toxicological,

Radiation and Biological Safety,

420075 Kazan, Scientific Town-2,

This article explores the possibility of minimizing the matrix effect when indicated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (indirect ELISA) in complex plant samples (wheat, corn and silage) from artificially and naturally contaminated samples. The study of the influence of the percentage of methanol (10 -50%) in the extracting mixture on the degree of T-2 toxin extraction showed that all mixtures provide the extraction of mycotoxin from truly positive samples, both when studying the matrix effect and without it. The smallest deviation in the study of mycotoxin content in the control sample containing T-2 toxin at the rate of 100 μg / kg (control sample 100 – CSA100) without matrix effect was observed using 40 and 50% methanol, which was ± 0.98%. However, when using 50% methanol in the extraction of mycotoxin from plant samples, the maximum matrix effect was observed, especially from corn and silage, which is probably due to the maximum extraction and coloring pigments. The value of the matrix effect was in direct proportion to the amount of methanol in the extracting mixture — the less methanol, the less the matrix effect. With almost equal deviations in the concentration of CSA100 from plant samples using 40 and 50% methanol, the deviation in CSA100 was 0.98 and -1.32, respectively. It was found that when using a 40% aqueous solution of methanol, a minimal matrix effect is achieved both in simple plant residues (wheat) and complex ones (corn, silage), as well as the maximum extraction of T-2 toxin.

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2. Adhikari, M. T-2 mycotoxin: toxicological effects and decontamination strategies. /    M. Adhikari, B. Negi, N. Kaushik, A. Adhikari, A.A. Al-Khedhairy, N.K. Kaushik, E.H. Choi // Oncotarget. - 8. - 2017. - p. 33933.

3. Agrawal, M. Lakshmana Rao Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in T-2 toxin-induced cell cycle alteration and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells / M. Agrawal, A.S. Bhaskar, P.V. // Mol. Neurobiol., –51. - 2015 .- p. 1379.

4. Chen, D. Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with ultrasound-assisted extraction method for the simultaneous determination of Sudan dyes and their metabolites in the edible tissues and eggs of food-producing animals / D. Chen, X. Li,                 Y. Tao, Y. Pan, Q. Wu, Z. Liu, D. Peng, X. Wang, L. Huang, Y. Wang, Z. Yuan //                                 J. Chromatogr. B analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., - 939. - 2013. - p. 45.

5. Deng, Q. A sensitive and validated immunomagnetic-bead based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for analyzing total T-2 (free and modified) toxins in shrimp tissues /                    Q. Deng, M. Qiu, Y. Wang, P. Lv, C. Wu, L. Sun, R. Ye, D. Xu, Y. Liu, R. Gooneratne // Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., - 142. - 2017. - p. 441.

6. Doi, K. T-2 toxin-induced toxicity in pregnant mice and rats / K. Doi, N. Ishigami,               S. Sehata // Int. J. Mol. Sci., - 9. - 2008. - p. 2146.

7. Kotal, F. Determination of trichothecenes in cereals / F. Kotal, K. Holadova,                              J. Hajslova, J. Poustka, Z. Radova // J. Chromatogr. A, - 830. - 1999. - p. 219.

8. Li, Y. High specific monoclonal antibody production and development of an ELISA method for monitoring T-2 toxin in rice / Y. Li, X. Luo, S. Yang, X. Cao, Z. Wang, W. Shi,                 S Zhang // J. Agric. Food Chem., - 62. - 2014. - p. 1492.

9. Li, Y. T-2 toxin, a trichothecene mycotoxin: review of toxicity, metabolism, and analytical methods / Z. Wang, R.C. Beier, J. Shen, D. De Smet, S. De Saeger, S. Zhang. // Agric. Food Chem., - 59. - 2011. - p. 3441.

10. Peng, D. Development of a sensitive monoclonal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for monitoring T-2 toxin in food and feed / D. Peng, F. Chang, Y. Wang, D. Chen, Z. Liu, X. Zhou, L. Feng, Z. Yuan // Food Addit. Contam. Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, - 33. –2016. - p. 683.

11. Semenov, E.I. Joint effect of the mycotoxins T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on the weaner pigs against a background of the infection load. / E.I. Semenov,             L.E. Matrosova, M.Ya. Tremasov, E.Yu. Tarasova, M.A. Kryuchkova // Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences - 7 (1). - p. 1860

12. Semenov, E. I. Anaphylaxis Due to Combined Mycotoxicosis in Wister Rats /                 E. I. Semenov, N. N. Mishina, S. A. Tanaseva, I. R. Kadikov, A. M. Tremasova, K. K. Papunidi,                    S. Y. Smolentsev // Indian Vet. J. - 2018 .-- Vol. 95. - p. 16.

13. Shinozuka, J. T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in hematopoietic tissues of mice /                      J. Shinozuka, M. Suzuki, N. Noguchi, T. Sugimoto, K. Uetsuka, H. Nakayama, K. Doi // Toxicol. Pathol., - 26. –1998. - p. 674.

14. Tanaka, T. Simultaneous determination of trichothecene mycotoxins and zearalenone in cereals by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / T. Tanaka, A. Yoneda, S. Inoue,                           Y. Sugiura, Y. Ueno // J. Chromatogr. A, - 882. - 2000. - p. 23.

15. Urusov, A.E. Immunochemical methods of mycotoxin analysis / A.E. Urusov,                    A.V. Zherdev, B.B. Dzantiev // Appl. Biochem. Micro. - 46. - 2010. - p. 276.

16. Wu, Q. Metabolic pathways of trichothecenes / Q. Wu V. Dohnal, L. Huang,                             K. Kuca, Z. Yuan // Drug Metab. Rev., - 42. - 2010 .- p. 250.

17. Zhang, Z. Determination for multiple mycotoxins in agricultural products using HPLC-MS / MS via a multiple antibody immunoaffinity column / Z. Zhang, X. Hu, Q. Zhang,                   P. Li // J. Chromatogr. B analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., - 1021. - 2016. - p. 145.

CHOOSING THE OPTIMAL MODEL OF TWO-FACTOR PATHOLOGY CAUSED BY THERMAL LESION AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF EXTERNAL GAMMA - RADIATION

¹FSBSI "Federal Center for Toxicological,

Radiation and Biological Safety",

420075, Kazan Scientific town-2,

 e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru.

²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution

of Higher Professional Education

 «Chuvash State Agricultural University»,

428003 Cheboksary City , 29. K. Marks

Street, e-mail: office@chuvcu.ru.

Experimental modeling of acute radiation and burn disease separately and their combination was carried out. It has been established that external total gamma-radiation of white rats at a dose of 7.5 Gr causes severe radiation sickness with characteristic clinical features and high lethality of the irradiated population. It is noted that the degree of thermal injury (burn) is affected by the time of holding on the surface of the body heated to 190 degrees Celsius of a metal plate: its application for 5 seconds causes burn III A degree, 8 - second exposure - III B degree, as evidenced by the timing of formation, rejection of the burn strup and full healing of thermal damage. The aggravating effect of ionizing radiation on the course and the outcome of the combined radiation-thermal pathology is shown.

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2. Gaynutdinov, T.R. Evaluation of the effectiveness of drugs for the treatment of combined radiation-thermal lesions / T.R. Gaynutdinov, G.V. Konyukhov, A.M. Idrisov, V.P. Shacharov, N.B. Tarasova, V.A. Guryanov // Veterinarian - 2018. - No 5. S. 49-52.

 3. Gaynutdinov, T.R. Pathogenez combined radiation-thermal lesions at various degrees of burns / T.R.Gaynutdinov, V.P.Shashkinov, A.M.Idrisov, N.M.Vasilevskiy, V.A.Guryanova, N.B.Tarasova // Scientific and practical journal "Veterinary. It's a zootechnia. Biology." Moscow, 2018. - No 10. S. 29-34.

 4. Gaynutdinov, T.R. Receiving and studying the effectiveness of drugs for the treatment of combined radiation-thermal lesions / T.R.Gaynutdinov //Mater. It's all over. in-practice. young scientists, graduate students and students "Ecology and security in the technosphere: modern problems and ways to solve them." Tomsk, November 23-25, 2017. S. 582-586.

 5. Gaynutdinov, T.R. Method of obtaining a drug for the treatment of combined radiation-thermal damage of the body / T.R.Gaynutdinov, K.N.Vagin, R.N.Nizamov //Scientists of the notes of the educational institution of the Vitebsk Order of Honor of the State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. 2018. T. 54. No 4. S. 32-37.

6. Zargarova, N.I. Experimental study of the mechanisms of the phenomenon of mutual weighting in the combined radiation lesions and the effectiveness of the means of its modification /N.I.S. Sargarov, V.I.Legez, A.N.Grebenyuk, A.J.Kondakov //VII Congress on Radiation Research: thesis of reports. - Moscow, October 21-24, 2014. 142 s.

7. Pat. No 2686843 Russian Federation, C1, IPC A61K 36/15, A61R17/02. The method of treatment of combined radiation-thermal lesions and the means for its implementation / T.R.Gaynutdinov, R.N.Nizamov, A.I.Nikitin, G.V.Konyukhov, R.F.Shavaliev, V.P.Shashkinov, A.M.Idrisov, M.V. Kharitonov; the federal state budgetary scientific institution ,Federal Center for Toxicology, Radiation and Biological Security (FGBNU "FTCRB-VNIVI"). - No 2018104917, 08.02.2018; Swollen. May 6, 2019, Buhl. No 13.

8. Shashkarov, V.P. Experimental assessment of pathogenesis, current and outcome of acute radiation and combined radiation-thermal lesions in experiments on laboratory animals /V.P.Shashkarov, T.R.Gaynutdinov, A.M.Idrisov //Mat. It's all over. in-practice. young scientists, graduate students and students "Ecology and security in the technosphere: modern problems and ways to solve them." Tomsk, November 22-24, 2018. S. 280-284.

COMBINED EFFECTS OF GAMMA-RADIATION AND EIMERIA ON THE ORGANISM OF RABBITS

FSBSI "Federal Center for Toxicological,

radiation and biological safety "

420075, Kazan, 2 Nauchny gorodok st;

e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru.

Based on the conceptual position of radiation parasitology about a certain commonality of the mechanisms of the pathogenic effect of ionizing radiation and biological agents on living organisms, we have determined the conditions for modeling parasitic damage to the body by agents of biological etiology. Irradiation of rabbits at a dose of 8.0 Gy and infection with eimeria at a dose of 85 thousand eimeria oocysts cause severe radiation sickness, aggravating the course of the coccidial process and promoting its generalization, which accelerates the death of animals. The combined radiation and biological damage proceeds quickly and the animals die 6-9 days after the onset of the disease.

Anikanov, V.S. Coccidia of rabbits, minks and foxes of cell breeding (taxonomy, biology, ecology). Petrozavodsk: Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, - 1994, -  p. 35.

2. Budarkov, V.A. Radiobiology. Radiation safety of farm animals // V.A. Budarkov,                 A.S. Zenkin, A.V. Vasiliev et al. / Ed. prof. V.A. Budarkov and prof. Zenkina A.S. Tutorial. M .: Kolos, - 2018. -  p. 440.

3. Gaynutdinov, T.R. Determination of the resistance of colibacillosis causative agents to the effects of ionizing radiation / T.R. Gaynutdinov, V.P. Shashkarov, A.M. Idrisov,                             Ya.M. Kurbangaleev, G.N. Spiridonov, V.A. Guryanova // International scientific-practical. conf. dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology "Nuclear Physics Research and Technologies in Agriculture". - FGBNU VNIIRAE. - Obninsk, September 16-18, 2020.  - p. 46.

4. Gaynutdinov, T.R. Pathogenesis of combined radiation-thermal injuries at various degrees of burns / T.R. Gaynutdinov, V.P. Shashkarov, A.M. Idrisov, N.M. Vasilevsky, V.A. Guryanova, N.B. Tarasova // Scientific and practical journal "Veterinary Medicine. Animal science. Biology". - Moscow, 2018. - No. 10. - p. 29.

5. Gaynutdinov, T.R. The course of acute radiation sickness against the background of natural infection of animals with agents of biological nature / T.R. Gaynutdinov, A.M. Idrisov,              K.N. Vagin, N.M. Vasilevsky, G.Sh. Zakirova, Ya.M. Kurbangaleev, V.G. Semenov // "Veterinarian". - Kazan, - 2020. - No. 6. - p. 15.

6. Grebenyuk, A.N. Fundamentals of radiobiology and radiation medicine /                                    A. N. Grebenyuk, O. Yu. Strelova, V. I. Legeza, E. N. Stepanova: Textbook. - SPb .: LLC "FOLIANT Publishing House", 2012. - p. 232.

7. Latypov, D.G. Helminthiasis of animals and humans (anthropozoonoses) / D.G. Latypov, I.N. Zalyalov, L.A. Gaisina, T.S. Gosmanova - Kazan, 2011. -  p. 462.

8. Kireenko, K.M. Morphological changes in field mouse coccidial oocysts in the territory contaminated with radioactive substances // Tez. report I All-Union. radiobiol. Congress. Pushchino, -  1989. - T. 2. - p. 456.

9. Lutfullin, M.Kh. Epizootological situation on rabbit eimeriosis in animal farms of the Republic of Tatarstan / M.Kh. Lutfullin, Yu.N. Shilyaeva, M.D. Kornishina // Materials of the International Scientific and Production Conference on Actual Problems of the Agro-Industrial Complex. - Kazan. - 2003. - 4.1. - p. 86.

10. Lutfullin, M.Kh. Veterinary helminthology / M.Kh. Lutfullin, D.G. Latypov,                       M.D. Kornishin - Kazan, "Idel-Press", 2007. - p.232

11. Pelgunov, A.N. Parasites and parasitic systems in radiation biocenoses. The Chernobyl NPP accident zone / A.N. Pelgunov; Institute of parasitology. - M. Nauka, 2005 .- p. 207.

12. Shangaraev, R.I. Monitoring of the epizootic situation of parasitoses in ruminants in personal farms of citizens of the Republic of Tatarstan / R.I. Shangaraev, M.Kh. Lutfullin,                      N.A. Lutfullin, R.R. Gizzatullin / "Veterinarian". - Kazan, 2017. - No. 6. - p. 40.

13. Yatusevich, A.I., Gerasimchik V.A., Medvedskaya T.V., Zabudko V.A. Fauna of Eimeriids fur animals and rabbits / A.I. Yatusevich, V.A. Gerasimchik, T.V. Medvedskaya,                    V.A. Zabudko // Prophylaxis and measures to combat diseases of young farm animals. animals / Abstracts. report republ. conf. - Vitebsk, 1990.- p. 186.

14. Donald W. Duszynski, Lee Couch. The Biology and Identification of the Coccidia (Apicomplexa) of Rabbits of the World. Academic Press (Elsevier), San Diego, California, 2013. p. 340.

15. Holden-Dye, Anthemihtic drugs and nematicides: studies in Caenorhabditis elegans /              L. Holden-Dye, R. J. Walker // Wormbook, ed. The C. elegans research Communiti. - 2014. - Access mode: www.worbook.org, free.

16.Heping Li, Meiying Shen, Zhijun Hou and Xiefeng Yin. Morphology and Molecular Identification of the Eimeria spp. In Domestic Rabbits. Pakistan J. Zool. - 2016.-  Vol. 48 (1).-                 p. 289.

EFFECT OF A NEW PREPARATION BASED ON ORGANIC ACIDS ON DIGESTION AND SOME INDICATORS OF METABOLISM IN BROILER CHICKENS

FSBEI «Moscow State Academy of Veterinary

Medicine and Biotechnology –MVA named after

 K.I. Skryabin», Moscow, Russia,

E-mail: colomiez@mail.ru

The article discusses the effect of introducing a complex feed additive-acidifier in various doses to the diets of broiler chickens on digestion and metabolism. The positive effect of the drug on the indicators of digestibility and biochemical parameters of blood was established.

1. Metodika provedeniya nauchnyh i proizvodstvennyh issledovanij po kormleniyu sel'skohozyajstvennoj pticy / pod obshch. red. V.I. Fisinina. – Sergiev Posad, 2004 -33s.

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3. Metody nauchnyh issledovanij v zhivotnovodstve / N.V. Lyashenko, M.S. Galicheva. - Majkop. – р.52.

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ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF THE HIGHER MUSHROOM COPRINUS COMATUS

FSBNU Far Eastern Zonal Scientific

Research Veterinary Institute,

 675005, Amur region, Blagoveshchensk,

st. Severnaya, 112, dalznivilabvirus@mail.ru

Conducted research on the search and development of antiviral drugs based on compounds of natural origin, with a milder therapeutic effect and low toxicity compared to synthetic drugs. If the twentieth century is rightfully considered the “era of antibiotics” when many dozens of antibiotics that were active against a number of infectious diseases were isolated from micromycetes, then in the 21st century, research shifted towards macromycetes from various classes. In experiments, a 10% tincture of Coprinus comatus and 5 field cultures of microorganisms of the intestinal group isolated from diarrhea-infected calves (Citrobacter diversus, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used. Diurnal cultures grown on nutrient agar were washed off with sterile saline. The bacterial wash was adjusted to a density corresponding to 0.5 according to the McFarland turbidity standard. A bacterial suspension was sown with a lawn on the surface of a Petri dish with meat peptone agar (MPA) in a volume of 1-2 ml, evenly distributed over the surface of the cup by shaking, the excess culture was removed with a pipette. After that, the Petri dishes were dried at room temperature for 15 minutes, then paper discs with a diameter of 6 mm were preliminarily moistened with tincture of the mushroom. The incubation of crops was carried out at t 370 C for 24 hours. As a result of experiments, it was found that the tincture of Coprinus comatus delays the growth of field virulent strains of the pathogens Citrobacter diversus, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the artificial nutrient medium MPA. The use of tincture of Coprinus comatus as a medicinal product is indicated for intestinal diseases, in the pathogenesis of which pathogenic microorganisms participate: Citrobacter diversus, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

1. Ogarkov B.N., Ogarkova G.R., Samusenok L.V. Technological cultures of medicinal mushrooms and their biological activity // Advances in medical mycology. - 2015 .- T. 14. -          р. 446.

2. Mazurkova N.A., Filippova E.I., Makarevich E.V., Lobanova I.E., Vysochina G.I. Higher plants as a basis for the development of anti-influenza drugs. // Questions of biological, medical and pharmaceutical chemistry. - 2014. - No. 4. - p. 55

3. Felippova E.I., Mazurkov O.Yu., Gorbunova I.A., Kostina N.E., Mazurkova N.A. Antiviral properties of water and ethanol extracts of shaggy dung beetle (coprinus comatus) in vitro and in vivo against influenza virus // Antibiotics and chemotherapy. - 2018. - T. 63. - No. 11. - р. 8.

4. Sarkina I.S., Mironova L.P. Annotated list of basidial and marsupial macromycetes of the Karadag nature reserve. // Scientific notes of the natural reserve "Cape Martyan". - 2015. - No. 6 - р. 297.

5. Teplyakova TV Pharma mushroom: mushrooms against viruses and tumors. // Science first hand. - 2017. - No. 5 (76). - р.106.

6. Lomberg M.L., Bukhalo A.S., Polyukh N.P. Growth of cultures of coprinus comatus (o.f. mull.) Pers. on liquid nutrient media. // Advances in medical mycology. - 2014. - T.12. -               р. 239.

7. Efimenko T.A., Vasilyeva B.F., Glukhova A.A., Malanicheva I.A., Sumarukova I.G., Efremenkova O.V. Antimicrobial activity of endobionts of fruit bodies of basidiomycetes. // Advances in medical mycology. - 2018. - T.18. - р. 235.

8.Efimenko T.A., Malanicheva I.A., Vasilyeva B.F., Glukhova A.A., Sumarukova I.G., Boykova Yu.V., Malkina N.D., Terekhova L.P., Efremenkova O.V. Antibiotic activity of bacteria - endobionts of fruit bodies of basidiomycetes. // Microbiology. - 2016. - T. 85. - No. 6. - р. 740.

9.Kostina N.E., Ibragimova Zh.B., Protsenko M.A., Makarevich E.V., Skarnovich M.A., Filippova E.I., Gorbunova I.A., Vlasenko V.A., Troshkova G.P., Mazurkova N.A., Shishkina L.N. Isolation, characterization and antiviral properties of biologically active substances from higher fungi of Western Siberia. // Modern problems of science and education. - 2013. - No. 3. - p. 336.

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11. Sidorov M.A., Skorodumov D.I., Fedotov V.B. Keys to zoopathogenic microorganisms // Handbook. Ed. Sidorov M.A. M .: Kolos. 1995.

BRUCELLOSIS: ITS DISTRIBUTION AND PREVENTION.

FSBSI «Federal Center for Toxicological,

Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan».

420075, Kazan, Nauchny gorodok-2,

e-mail: vnivi @ mail.ru

The present work describes the features of the distribution of brucellosis, the potential risk factors and economic impact in the case of brucellosis.The epidemiological situation for brucellosis has not tended to improve over the past years. Epizootiological situation in the Russian Federation remains reasonably tense.The epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation for brucellosis has not tended to improve over the past years.The epizootic ill-being of animal stock for brucellosis and violations of sanitary and hygiene standards and rules of conduction of animal husbandry are main reasons of widespread infection and economic losses in the livestock agriculture. The problem of the incidence of brucellosis becomes especially actuality to conduct transformations in agricultural area, whichaim at increasing the number of farm animals (livestock, small stock).Our results show examples of the use of specific preventive medicines againstbrucellosis for salvation actual tasks of preventing the spread of brucellosis among farm animals.

. Gorchakova, N.G. Features of the parasitic system of brucellosis / N.G.  Gorchakova/ Scientific research publications. - 2017. - №  4.- p.14.

2. Information resource site of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance / Review of the epidemiological and epizootic situation of brucellosis in the world in 2018 and forecast for 2019 in the Russian Federation/ http://www.rsnso.ru/documents /publications/?n=2367&tag=%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7, Publication of 02.20.2019

3. Konopatkin, A.A. Epizootology and infectious diseases of farm animals / A.A. Konopatkin,                               I.А. Bakulov, Ya.V. Nyikin et al // Textbooks and teaching aids for higher agricultural educational institutions.- М.: Kolos.-1984. – 544 p.

4. Litusov, N.V. The causative agents of brucellosis. / N.V. Litusov // Illustrated textbook. - Yekaterinburg: Publishing House of USMA, 2012. - 38 p.

5. Skliarov, O.D. Brucellosis / O.D Skliarov / Presentation // FSI Russian State Budgetary Center for the Quality and Standardization of Medicines for Animals and Feed (FSBI VGNKI) - 25 slides.

6. Tsirelson, L.E. The state of specific immunoprophylaxis of brucellosis in the Russian Federation  / L.E.  Tsirelson, М.М.  Zheludkov,  O.D. Skliarov, V.N. Borovoi // Epidemiology and vaccinal prevention. - 2011. - № 1 (56). - p.59.

USE OF THE ASSOCIATED VACCINE AND HYPERIMMUNE SERUM IN THE MIXED FORM OF INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA OF NEWBORN PIGLETS

Federal Center for Toxicological,

Radiation and Biological Safety,

420075 Kazan, Scientific Town-2,

e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru

The limiting factor for full intensification of pig production are various diseases that it is necessary to promptly prevent and treat. I t is established that an important etiologic role in the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases piglets play Rota-, coronavirus and Escherichia coli. The aim of this work was the development of technology of manufacture of associated vaccine against Rota-, coronavirus gastroenteritis and esherihioznae diarrhea of newborn piglets and getting polyspecificity hyperimmune serum against Rota-, coronavirus gastroenteritis and diarrhea esherihioznae pigs on pig producers. With this purpose we studied the safety, antigenic and immunogenic activity of the vaccine and hyperimmune serum in laboratory animals, pregnant sows and piglets.  Preventive vaccine and prophylactic properties polyspecificity serum confirmed in farms, stationary-unfavorable for infectious diarrhea of piglets.Based on the synergistic Association of rotavirus, virus of transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs and E. coli synthesizing adhesive antigens К88, К99 987Р developed by associated vaccine for specific prevention of diarrhoea of newborn piglets of mixed etiology. Polyspecificity the use of hyperimmune serum in a production environment allows us to achieve high economic efficiency in the treatment and prevention of mixed Rota-, coronavirus and esherihioznae infections of piglets. The positive results of the production testing of associated vaccine and hyperimmune serum polyspecificity allow to recommend them for implementation in veterinary practice with therapeutic and preventive purposes against transmissible gastroenteritis, rotavirus disease and esherihioznae diarrhea of newborn piglets.

. GOST 28085-2013 Вiological medicinal рroducts for veterinary use. Method of bacteriological control of sterility. - M.-2013. - 26 p.

2. GOST 31926-2013 Medicinal рroducts for veterinary use. Methods for determining harmlessness. - M.-2013. - 34 p.

3. Eliseeva, E. Healthy young animals-the basis for the welfare of the economy / E. Eliseeva // Pig Breeding, - 2008, - No. 4, - p. 24.

4. Kondrakhin I.P. Methods of veterinary clinical laboratory diagnostics: Reference book /                      I.P. Kondrakhin. - M .: KolosS, 2004 .- 520 р.

5. Makhmutov A. F. Monitoring of infectious gastrointestinal diseases of newborn piglets in the regions of the Middle Volga region and the Urals / A. F. Makhmutov, G. N. Spiridonov,                R. N. Aglyamov // Veterinary doctor. - 2011. - № 5. - p. 25.

6. Rakhmanov, A.M. Infectious diseases of piglets and their immunoprophylaxis in modern conditions / A.M. Rakhmanov, N. A. Yarmenko // Actual problems of diseases of young animals in modern conditions: Mater. International. scientific-practical Conf. - Voronezh, - 2002,  - p. 31.

7. Rusaliev, V. S. Bacterial vaccines in pig breeding / / V. S. Rusaliev, V. M. Gnevashev,              O. V. Pruntova. - Veterinary medicine of agricultural animals,  - 2005, №12, - p. 21.

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9. Sidorkin, V. A. Diseases of pigs / V. A. Sidorkina, V. G. Gavrish, A.V. Yegunova. - Moscow: LLC "Aquarium-Print", 2007. - 544 p.

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12. Spiridonov, G. N. Results of research on the development of a vaccine against Rota -, coronavirus gastroenteritis and Escherichia diarrhea of newborn piglets / G. N. Spiridonov // Veterinary doctor. - 2010. - № 2. - p. 40.

13. Subbotin, V. V. Main elements of prevention of gastrointestinal pathology of newborn animals / V. V. Subbotin, M. A. Sidorov // Veterinary science. - 2004. - № 1. - p. 3.

14. Shakhov, A. Prevention of gastrointestinal diseases of piglets of bacterial etiology /                     A. Shakhov, Yu. Brigadirov, M. Biryukov, P. Lavrishchev // Pig Breeding. - 2008. - № 1. - p. 23.

15. Shakhov, A. G. Etiological structure of mass gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of piglets in large specialized farms / A. G. Shakhov, Yu. N. Brigadirov, L. Yu. Sashnina,                         M. I. Lebedev // Praktik. – 2010. – No. 1. – p. 42.

16. Shevchenko, A. A. Infectious diseases of pigs / A. A. Shevchenko, G. A. Dzhailidi,                      V. N. Shevkoplyas et al. - Krasnodar: KubGAU, 2015. - p. 105.

17. Shulga, N. Survival of newborn piglets / N. Shulga / / pig Breeding. - 2009. - №1. - p. 25.

EPIZOOTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STATIONARY ANTHRAX UNFAVORABLE POINTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Federal Center for Toxicological,

Radiation and Biological Safety,

420075 Kazan, Scientific Town-2,

е – mail: svetlana150895@yandex.ru, 

Anthrax is a particularly dangerous infectious disease common to humans and animals, and continues to pose a serious threat to animal husbandry and health care in most countries of the world.  The disadvantage of this infection is mainly based on the ability of the pathogen to form spores that can persist in the environment for decades.  Numerous anthrax epizootics that have occurred in the past have led to the formation of persistent soil foci of the pathogen, which are currently the main risk factor contributing to the emergence of new outbreaks of the disease.  In this regard, the regular characterization of settlements that are permanently dysfunctional in terms of anthrax is an urgent task that makes it possible to assess the degree of danger of a particular focus of infection.  The purpose of this work was to carry out the epizootological characteristics of the stations, which are stationary for anthrax, located on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan.  The material for the study was the data of the Main Directorate of Veterinary Medicine of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as the cadastre of settlements of the republic that are permanently unfavorable for anthrax.  The classification of disadvantaged items was carried out according to the method proposed by B.L.  Cherkassky.  As a result of the study, it was revealed that, according to the classification used, out of 1208 stationary dysfunctional items, 1204 refer to old non-manifest ones that showed their activity more than 10 years ago.  One unfavorable point, the village of Lyuga, Kukmor district, can be classified as an old relapsing one, the last sporadic outbreak of infection in which was registered in 2014.  Three unfavorable points should be classified as new.  Epizootic activity in these points was noted from 17 to 20 years ago, which indicates the stabilization of the situation with the spread of soil foci of infection.

1. Artemieva, E.A.  Test of the "Kit for determining the titer of antibodies in the serum of cattle vaccinated against anthrax in the RNGA" for compliance with technical conditions /             Е.А.  Artemieva, L.A.  Melnikova, A.P.  Rodionov // Veterinarian.  - 2020. - No. 6.  - p. 5.

2. Buravtseva, N. P.  Epizootological and epidemiological characteristics of stationary anthrax-unfavorable points in the Stavropol Territory and the North Caucasus Federal District / N.P.  Buravtseva, V.M.  Mezentsev, A.G.  Ryazanova et al. // Problems of especially dangerous infections.  - 2016. - No. 2.  - p. 36.

3. Ivanova, S.V.  Evaluation of the preventive properties of blood serum of cattle sampled at different times after vaccination against anthrax / S.V.  Ivanova, L.A.  Melnikova,                          A.P.  Rodionov et al. // Veterinarian.  - 2019. - No. 6.  - p. 32.

4. Makayev, Kh.N.  Assessment of the risk of possible outbreaks of anthrax in the Republic of Tatarstan / Kh.N.  Makaev, S.V.  Ivanova, L.A.  Melnikova et al. // Kazan Medical Journal.  - 2020. - No. 6.  - p. 883.

5. Rodionov, A.P.  Characteristics of the epizootic situation for anthrax in the Republic of Tatarstan / A.P.  Rodionov, S.V.  Ivanova, L.A.  Melnikova et al. // Veterinary Medicine.  - 2020. - No. 3.  - p. 8.

6. Selyaninov, Yu.O.  Anthrax in Yamal.  Causes and problems of diagnosis /                        Yu. O.  Selyaninov, I. Yu.  Egorova, D.V.  Sausages // Veterinary Medicine.  - 2016. - No. 10.  - p. 3.

7. Ivanova, S.V.  Analysis of the epizootic situation and improvement of the scheme for the specific prevention of anthrax / S.V.  Ivanova, L.A.  Melnikova, A.P.  Rodionov et al.  // International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences.  - 2020. - No. 1.  - p. 949.

EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVE APPLICATION ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF CROSS-ROSS BROILER CHICKENS 308

FSBEI «Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine

 and Biotechnology –MVA named after K.I. Skryabin»,

 Moscow, Russia, E-mail: colomiez@mail.ru

The use of organic acids and their salts as acidifiers in diets has a positive effect on the growth rate of farm animals and poultry. The growth rate and other zootechnical indicators depend on the correct selection of organic acid necessary to achieve a certain goal, the dosage of the corresponding acid, as well as the selection of different types of introduced acids to achieve a certain synergy effect and the overall buffer capacity of the feed [8]. Experiments are being conducted in the direction of selecting various combinations with additional substances, such as essential oils, prebiotics, probiotics, etc. their optimal combination to create a universal drug that acts at different levels of acidity. One of the fundamental factors that predispose to the widespread use of such drugs in poultry farming is the lack of restrictions on the use of the resulting final products.

1 Goryacheva M. M. Al'ternativa antibiotikam// Ptica i pticeprodukty. – 2013. –  № 1. –             р. 16.

2. Dzhafarov A. Ispol'zovanie organicheskih kislot v pticevodstve /A. Dzhafarov                             // Kombikorma. - 2010. - № 5. - р. 67.

3. Egorov, I. A. Konservanty kormov – organicheskie kisloty / I. A. Egorov // Pticevodstvo. – 2004. – № 6. – р. 5.

4. Izhbulatova, D. A. Vliyanie probiotikov na morfofunkcional'noe sostoyanie organov cyplyat /   D. A. Izhbulatova, A. G. Deblik, A. R. Malikova // Veterinariya – 2005. – № 3. – р. 52.

5. Lozhechnikov, A. A. Effektivnost' razlichnyh norm i prodolzhitel'nost' primeneniya fumarovoj kisloty v kombikormah / A. A. Lozhechnikov // Peredovoj nauch.-proizv. opyt v pticevodstve: Ekspress inform / VNITIP. – 1988. – № 4. – р. 44.

6. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po gematologicheskim i biohmicheskim issledovaniyam u kur sovremennyh krossov/ I.V. Nasonov.yu N.V. Bujko, R.P. Lizun, V.E. Volohina, N.V. Zaharik                  [i dr]. –Minsk, 2014. – р 32.

7. Moiseeva, N. F. Vliyanie yantarnoj kisloty na nekotorye pokazateli energeticheskogo obmena u kur / N. F. Moiseeva, M. S. Najdenskij, N. YU. Melikova // Voprosy fiziko- himicheskoj biologii v veterinarii. – M., 1995. – 157 р.

8. Najdenskij, M. S. YAntarnaya kislota kak kormovaya dobavka / M. S. Najdenskij                            // Kombikorma. – 2005. – № 5. – р. 62.

9. Podobed, V.I. Vybor podkislitelya – osnova strategii effektivnogo, bezopasnogo i stabil'nogo kormleniya// Godivlya. – 2013. - № 7. – р. 25.

10. Skvorcova, L.N. Ispol'zovanie prebiotikov pri vyrashchivanii cyplyat – brojlerov                / L.N. Skvorcova // Doklady RASKHN. – 2010. – № 3. – р. 38.

11. Stollyar, A. Podkisliteli kormov. Znachenie komponentov / A. Stollyar // Cenovik. – 2010. - № 12. – р. 48.

12. Tarinskaya T.A., Gamko L.N. Effektivnost' primeneniya podkislitelej vody v raznye periody vyrashchivaniya cyplyat-brojlerov. Agrarnaya nauka. – 2018. № 10 – р. 23.

13. Chikov, A. E. Ispol'zovanie prebiotikov v racionah myasnyh cyplyat: rekomendacii                             / A.E. Chikov, L.N. Skvorcova. – Krasnodar, 2005. – р. 26.