INTESTINAL PARASITOSIS OF CATS KEPT IN SHELTERS

¹Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher

education“Moscow State University of Food Production”

 (109316, Russia, Moscow, st.Talalikhina,33, e-mail: 864365@mail.ru).

²All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental

and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch

of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution

“Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (VNIIP – FSC VIEV)

(117218, Russia, Moscow,  st. B. Cheremushkinskaya, 28,

e-mail: panova@vniigis.ru)

Recently, an increasing number of people have pets, including stray cats from shelters. In this regard, there is an increased risk of human infection from cats with parasitic diseases - zoonoses. One of the most common human zoonoses is toxocariasis. The purpose of the work is to investigate the intestinal parasitofauna in cats kept in shelters in Moscow. A study was conducted of 120 samples of feces from cats aged 2 months to 10 years, held in private shelters and veterinary hospitals in Moscow. The native smear method, flotation method with a solution of ammonium nitrate with a densityof 1.32 g / cm³ and formalin-ether sedimentation were used. Infection of cats with parasites averaged 51.7%. Eggs of the nematode Toxocara cati, eggs of the cestode Dipyllidium caninum and Taenia sp., protozoa Trichomonas blagburni, oocysts Isospora sp., cysts Giardia sp. have been identified. Toxocara cati eggs were found in 23.3% of animals, the number of eggs in 1 g of feces on average 353.2 ± 42.6. Dipyllidium caninumwas detected in 3.3% of samples, the average amount of 3.1 ± 0.6 in 1 g of feces. Eggs Taenia sp. found in 4.2% of samples, the average number of 34.3 ± 8.8 in 1 g of feces. Oocysts Isospora sp. revealed in 21.7% of samples, the average number of 128.5 ± 13.3 in 1 g of feces. Cysts Giardia sp. were detected in 5.8% of samples with an average of 84.5 ± 9.1. Trichomonas blagburni were found in adult cats in 2.5% of samples. In 5.8% of the samples, combined helminth-protozoal infections were recorded: in 2.5% - T. cati and Isospora sp., in 1.7% -Isospora sp. and D. caninum, and in 1.7% - infections of T. cati, Isospora sp. and D. caninum. The most common parasite of cats was Toxocara cati nematodes, found in 30.6% of kittens and 12.5% of adult cats. Upon receipt of stray cats in shelters, helminthocoprological studies are recommended to develop an individual antiparasitic therapy plan. 

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FGBNU "Federal center toxicological,

radiation and biological safety"

(420075, Russia, Kazan, Scientific town-2,

e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru)

Proceeding from relevance of a problem of improvement of technology of receiving radio protective medicine from substances of microbic, zoogene and phytogenous origin, studied preventive and medicinal properties of medicines on the basis of test strains of B.bifidum, E.coli, their products of metabolism in combination with biopolymer of the apisogenny nature - apizany and the potential bioradioprotector of plant origin - a turmeric at sharp radiation sickness of animals.

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2. Ishmukhametov, K.T. Development of the radio modified mutants of microorganisms for prevention and treatment of radiation defeats of animals / K.T. Ishmukhametov,  V.R. Saitov,                          R.N. Nizamov, M.M. Shakurov, N.M. Vasilevsky// "Scientific notes" of the Kazan state academy of veterinary medicine of N.E. Bauman. - Kazan, 2020. - T. 241. -№. 1. – p. 95.

3. Grooms, G.V. Otsenk of radio protective properties of complex medicines on the basis of products of metabolism of E.coli / G.V. Konyukhov, R.N. Nizamov, D.T. Sharifullina, A.S. Titov,                     M.M. Shakurov, K.N. Vagin // Materials of the scientific and practical conference "Topical Issues of the Military Theory and Practice, Results of Researches on the Most Important Problems of Military Science in the field of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Safety", Kostroma on December 5-6, 2017. – р. 55.

4. Grooms, G. V. Radio protective activity of compositions on the basis of metabolites of E.coli, B.bifidum and immunomodulators of new generation / G.V. Konyukhov, R.N. Nizamov,                    D.T. Sharifullina, T.R. Gaynutdinov, K.N. Vagin, A.S. Titov// "Veterinarian". - Kazan, 2016. - №. 6. – p. 36.

5. Grooms, G. V. Radio pharmacological properties of compositions on the basis of products of metabolism of microorganisms and immunomodulators / G.V. Konyukhov, R.N. Nizamov,                            D.T. Sharifullina, T.R. Gaynutdinov, K.N. Vagin, A.S. Titov // the International scientific and practical conference devoted to the 70 anniversary of the Krasnodar research veterinary institute, Krasnodar, on June 22-23, 2016. – p. 48.

6. Nizamov, R.N. Influence microbic the immunotropnykh of medicines on the radio induced immunodeficiency of animals / R.N. Nizamov, G.V. Konyukhov,  D.T. Sharifullina, A.S. Titov,                    M.M. Shakurov // "Veterinarian". – Kazan. - 2019. - №. 4. – p. 31.

7. Nizamov, R.N. Use of substances of microbic, animal and inorganic origin for creation of antibeam medicines / Ra. N. Nizamov, M.Yu.Gallyamova., Ru. N. Nizamov, K.T. Ishmukhametov//In the collection: "Topical issues of development of education and science in modern society", the collection of scientific works on materials of the International scientific and practical conference. - Under a general edition of A.V. Tugolukov. - 2019. – p. 215.

8. Nizamov, R.N. Miyelotropnoye effect of biopolymer - an apizan and bifidobacteria against the background of a radiogenic stress / P.H Nizamov, D.T Sharifullina, A.S. Titov,                                               M.M. Shakurov // Materials of the International scientific and practical conference, Vitebsk, on October 28-31, 2018. – p. 57.

9. Nizamov, R.N. Sposob of receiving medicine for prevention and treatment of radiation defeats of an organism of animals and a way of prevention and treatment of radiation defeats of an organism of animals / R.N. Nizamov, K.N. Vagin, G.V. Konyukhov, N.M. Vasilevsky, R.N. Nizamov, G.I. Rakhmatullina. Patent for the invention of RUS No. 2697828. Application No. 2019117190 of 03.06.2019. Opubl. 21.08.2019. - Moscow.

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THE COURSE OF ACUTE RADIATION DISEASE IN THE BACKGROUND OF NATURAL INFECTION OF ANIMALS BY AGENTS OF BIOLOGICAL NATURE

¹ФГБНУ «Федеральный центр токсикологической,

радиационной и биологической безопасности», г. Казань

(420075, г. Казань Научный городок-2, e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru)

²ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет»,

(428015, Московский проспект, д.15, e-mail: office@chuvcu.ru)

The results of the course and outcome of acute radiation sickness (ARS) against the background of natural damage to animals by passalurosis are presented. The experiments were carried out on 36 adult rabbits, divided according to the principle of analogues into 7 groups. Animals of groups 1-4 and 6 were naturally infected with P. ambiguus helminth eggs at various concentrations from 47.0 ± 8.0 to 140.0 ± 4.0, the 1st-4th were irradiated on the Puma gamma device in dose of 10 Gy, the 6th dose was not irradiated - control of invasion. In rabbits of the 5th and 7th groups, helminths were not detected, the 5th was irradiated at a dose of 10 Gy (control of exposure), the 6th — no manipulations were performed, it was a biological control. Studies have shown that rabbits often suffer from passalurosis and cause great harm to fur farming, and can also distort experiments when performing research, irradiating them at a dose of 10.0 Gy during the natural course of passaluros, aggravates the course of the passalurosis process and promotes its generalization, accelerating the death of animals from combined radiation and biological pathology.

Владимиров, В.Г. Синдром взаимного отягощения как важнейшая особенность комбинированных радиационных поражений / В.Г.Владимиров, П.Б.Прокофьев // Воен.-мед. журнал. – 1993. - № 4. - С. 41.

2. Гребенюк, А.Н. Медицинские и социально-психологические аспекты радиологического терроризма / А.Н.Грбенюк, Д.А.Смирнов // Медико-биол. и социально-психол. проблемы безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях. - 2012. - № 3. - С. 11.

3. Идрисов, А.М. Оценка радиозащитного и антипаразитарного действия фитопрепарата “СК” при радиационно-гельминтозном поражении организма /А.М.Идрисов, Р.Н.Низамов, Т.Р.Гайнутдинов, Р.Н.Низамов, Я.М.Курбангалеев, Р.Р.Гайнуллин // Ядерно-физические исследования и технологии в сельском хозяйстве: сборник докладов международной научно-практической конференции, г. Обнинск: ФГБНУ ВНИИРАЭ, 2020. – С. 67.

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8. Пат. № 2686843 Российская Федерация, С1, МПК А61К 36/15, А61Р17/02. Способ лечения комбинированных радиационно-термических поражений и средство для его реализации / Т.Р.Гайнутдинов, Р.Н.Низамов, А.И.Никитин, Г.В.Конюхов, Р.Ф.Шавалиев, В.П.Шашкаров, А.М.Идрисов, М.В.Харитонов; заявитель и патентообладатель Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный центр токсикологической, радиационной и биологической безопасности" (ФГБНУ "ФЦТРБ-ВНИВИ"). - № 2018104917, заявл. 08.02.2018; опубл.  06.05.2019, Бюл. № 13.

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Effect of chitosan, ultra dispersed particles of silver and their complex on the rumen contents of cattle

Federal public budgetary scientific institution "Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Orenburg (460000, Orenburg, on January 9th, 29, ph.: 8 (3532) 30-81-70; e-mail: Titow.ru@mail.ru) 

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of chitosan and silver UDP and their complex on the rumen microflora in cattle. The experiment was carried out under the standard vivarium conditions on artificial rumen KPL 01. The analyzed samples were chitosan preparations at a dose of 12.5 mg (sample I), silver UDP at a dose of 0.03 mg (sample II) and complex of chitosan at a dose of 12.5 mg with silver UDP 0.03 mg (III sample); 0.1 mg (IV sample) and 0.3 mg (V sample). Doses were determined on the basis of 1 liter of rumen fluid and were put directly into the fluid. The effect of these preparations on microflora in rumen fluid was determined in vitro.

The use of chitosan, silver UDP and their complex determined the intensity of microbiological processes pH. There was a slight difference in III-V samples, which ranged by 0.3-0.4%. This indicator deviated towards the acidic side by 2.3-2.7% (P <0.05) compared with the complex of chitosan and silver UDC in I and II samples.

The introduction of a complex of chitosan and silver UDP promoted a decrease in the ammonia concentration in the rumen fluid, and an increase in nitrogen by 9.8% and 11.6% (P <0.01).

Thus, the complex of chitosan in doses 12.5 mg and silver UDP in a dose of 0.1 mg provided the preservation of rumen microflora.

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Sudarshan N.R., Hoover D.G., Knoor D. Antibacterial action of chitosan // Food Biotechnol., 6 (1992), pp. 257-272   Aklakur Md, Rather AM, Kumar N. / Nanodelivery: an emerging avenue for Nutraceuticals and drug delivery // Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56(14):2352-2361. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.839543.Sharma VK, Yngard RA, Lin Y. Silver nanoparticles: green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities. // Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2009;145(1–2):83–96. Fondevila M. Potential use of silver nanoparticles as an additive in animal feeding. Silver nanoparticles. // Perez DP, editor. Intech Open; 2010:325-334 doi: 10.5772/8509.Dietary exposure to silver nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley rats: effects on oxidative stress and inflammation. / Ebabe Elle R, Gaillet S, Vidé J, et al. // Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;60:297–301. Evidence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated apoptosis in Setaria cervi induced by green silver nanoparticles from Acacia auriculiformis at a very low dose. / Saini P, Saha SK, Roy P, Chowdhury P, Sinha Babu SP. // Exp. Parasitol. 2016;160:39-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2015.11.004

3. Silver particles: characteristic and application in silver nanoparticles livestock production: characterization and application / E.A. Azhmuldinov, M.A. Kizayev, M.G. Titov, N.V. Soboleva, I.A. Babicheva//Veterinarian. - 2020. -  No. 1. - Page 14-22. [Azhmuldinov EA, Kizaev MA, Titov MG, Soboleva NV, Babicheva IA. Silver nanoparticles: characteristic and application in animal husbandry. The Veterinarian. - 2020;1:14-22. (In Russ)]. doi: 10.33632/1998-698X.2020-1-14-22.

TEST OF THE "KIT FOR DETERMINATION TITER OF ANTIBODIES IN THE SERUM OF CATTLE VACCINATED AGAINST ANTHRAX BY IHR" FOR COMPLIANCE WITH TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

FSBSI «Federal Center for Toxicological,

Radiation and Biological Safety»

(420075, Kazan, Nauchny gorodok-2,

e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru)

In the world annually from 5 to 6 thousand cases of anthrax are recorded, from which more than a million animals die, more than 20 thousand people fall ill.  Cases of anthrax manifestation are due to territories nonwelfare for anthrax for this disease.  To prevent the occurrence of epizootics and the transmission of the pathogen to people, in veterinary practice, specific prevention of this infection is used, which consists in vaccination of all susceptible livestock of farm animals, which allows creating a tense immunity in the body, and in case of ingestion of virulent forms of the pathogen, preserve the life and health of the animal, as a result, do not allow new infections.  To date, the assessment of the level of immunity in animals is carried out by serological methods, in particular by the indirect hemagglutination reaction (IHR), using the "Kit for determining the titer of antibodies in the serum of blood of animals vaccinated against anthrax by indirect hemagglutination reaction  (IHR)".  The kit, developed by the employees of the Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, has passed laboratory and production tests, showing itself as an active and specific diagnosticum.  The purpose of the work is to test the ""Kit for determining the titer of antibodies in the serum of blood of animals vaccinated against anthrax by indirect hemagglutination reaction  (IHR)" for compliance with the developed specifications.

1. Vasina, N.K.  Serological monitoring of the effectiveness of specific prevention of anthrax in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation / N.K.  Vasina, Yu.O.  Selyaninov, I. Yu.  Egorova // Veterinary pathology.  - 2012. - №. 1.  - р. 36.

  2. Gavrilov, V.A.  Soil foci of anthrax: realities and problems / V.A.  Gavrilov, T.N.  Gryaznev, V.V.  Seliverstov // Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Biotechnology.  - 2017. - №. 8.  - р. 17.

  3. Rodionov, A.P.  Characteristics of the epizootic situation for anthrax in the Republic of Tatarstan // A.P.  Rodionov, S.V.  Ivanova, L.A.  Melnikova et al. // Veterinary Medicine.  - 2020. - №. 3.  - р. 8.

  4. Ryazanova, A.G.  Analysis of the situation with anthrax in 2019, forecast for 2020                       / A.G.  Ryazanova, O. N.  Skudareva, D.K.  Gerasimenko et al. // Problems of especially dangerous infections.  - 2020. - №  2.  - р. 57.

  5. Ryazanova, A.G.  Assessment of the epidemiological and epizootic situation for anthrax in 2016, forecast for 2017 / A.G.  Ryazanova, E.I.  Eremenko, L.Yu Aksenova et al. // Problems of especially dangerous infections.  - 2017. - № 1.  - р. 21

  6. Selyaninov, Yu.O.  Comparative study of serological methods for assessing post-vaccination anthrax immunity / Yu.O.  Selyaninov, N.K.  Vasina, I. Yu.  Egorova et al. // Veterinary medicine.  - 2011. - № 12.  - р. 25.

7. Carlson, C.J. The global distribution of Bacillus anthracis and associated anthrax risk to humans, livestock and wildlife / C.J. Carlson, I.T. Kracalik, N. Ross et al. // Nat. microbiol. – 2019. - № 4. – р.

 8. Mwakapeje, E. R. Anthrax outbreaks in the humans – livestock and wildlife interface areas of Northern Tanzania: a retrospective record review 2006-2016 / E.R. Mwakapeje, S. Hogset, R. Fyumagwa et al. // BVC public health. – 2018. - № 18 (1). – р. 106.

9. Pisarenko, S.V. Phylogenetic analysis of Bacillus anthracis strains from Western Siberia reveals a new genetic cluster in the global population of the species / S.V. Pisarenko, E.I. Eremenko, A.G. Ryazanova et al. // BMC genomics. – 2019. - № 20 (1). – р. 692.

WILD BIRD CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS

1FGBOU IN "The Kazan state academy

veterinary medicine of N.E. Bauman",

(420074, Kazan, Siberian highway, 35,

e-mail: gilmrust@rambler.ru)

2FGBNU "Federal center toxicological,

radiation and biological safety",

(420075, Kazan, Scientific town-2,

e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru)

Coronaviruses among birds are more common in aquatic species, 

namely anseriformes and charadriiformes. An analytical review of the prevalence 

of gamma, delta and betacoronaviruses among wild birds of various species and 

genera is given. Gammacoronaviruses are predominantly found in birds in the 

order Squadlike - Galloanserae. Deltacoronaviruses, which have the smallest 

of the coronaviruses known in birds, have a distant kinship with IBV and are 

found mainly in the Neoaves order. The evolutionary dynamics of avian 

coronaviruses is characterized by the continuous emergence of new variants. 

Relevant publications are given in the USA, Brazil, England, Finland, Sweden, 

Poland, Korea, Hong Kong, and Cambodia. The practical absence of domestic

works on this topic is noted. The factors determining the high epidemic and

 epizootic (primarily for poultry and pig breeding) potentials of avian 

coronaviruses are listed. The genetic relationship between coronaviruses 

of birds and mammals and, accordingly, a high probability of interspecific 

transition of coronaviruses among representatives of these classes are shown.

The contradictions between the popular taxonomic classifications of 

coronaviruses are demonstrated. The contradictions between the popular 

taxonomic classifications of coronaviruses of the International Committee 

on Taxonomy of Viruses, the Information resource “Virus Pathogen Database 

and analysis Resource”, the National Center for Biotechnological Information

 of the USA and The Springer Index of Viruses. In their own way, bird 

gammacoronaviruses Fehr A., Perlman S. (2015) are classified. It is 

emphasized that the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses 

is the only body that officially oversees the issues of taxonomy of viruses at 
the international level.

1.         Gil'mutdinov, R.YA. Infektsionnyye bolezni ekzoticheskikh i dikikh zhivotnykh / R.YA. Gil'mutdinov, A.V. Ivanov, A.N. Panin. – M.: Kolos, 2010. – 668 p.

2.         Zhdanov, V.M. Ekologiya vozbuditeley infektsionnykh bolezney / V.M. Zhdanov, D.K. L'vov. – M.: Meditsina, 1984. – 263 p.

3.          L'vov, D.K. Etiologiya epidemicheskoy vspyshki COVID-19 v g. Ukhan' (provintsiya Khubey, Kitayskaya Narodnaya Respublika), assotsiirovannoy s virusom 2019-nCoV (Nidovirales, Coronaviridae, Coronavirinae, Betacoronavirus, podrod Sarbecovirus): uroki epidemii SARS-CoV / D.K. L'vov, S.V. Al'khovskiy, L.V. Kolobukhina, Ye.I. Burtseva // Vopr. virusol. – 2020. – T. 65 (1). – P. 6-15.

4.         Makhmutov, A.F. Monitoring infektsionnykh zheludochno-kishechnykh zabolevaniy novorozhdennykh porosyat v regionakh Srednego Povolzh'ya i Predural'ya / A.F. Makhmutov, G.N. Spiridonov, R.N. Aglyamov // Veterinarnyy vrach. - 2011. - № 5. - P. 25-28.  

5.          Shchelkanov, M.YU. Istoriya izucheniya i sovremennaya klassifikatsiya koronavirusov (Nidovirales: Coronaviridae) / M.YU. Shchelkanov, A.YU. Popova, V.G. Dedkov i dr. // Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. – 2020.

6.        

DEVELOPMENT OF ASSOCIATED VACCINE AGAINST PIV-3, IBR, BVD AND CHLAMIDIOSIS OF CATTLE

¹ FSBSI “Federal Center for Toxicological,

Radiation and Biological Safety”

(420075, Kazan, 2 Nauchny gorodok st;

e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru)

²  FSBEI HE “Kazan State Academe

of Veterinary Medicine Bauman N.E.”

(420029, Kazan, 35 Sibirsky trakt;

e-mail: rustam.ravilov@mail.ru)

Based on the generalized scientific data obtained during the clinical and epizootological monitoring of farms that are unfavorable for infectious diseases affecting the respiratory and digestive systems of organs, the main pathogens of the above-mentioned infectious pathologies of calves were identified. In order to improve the means of specific prevention of viral and chlamydial infections, an associated inactivated vaccine against IRT, PG-3, VD-BS and cattle chlamydia was developed. As a result of laboratory and production tests of the vaccine, it was found that the new vaccine preparation has high indicators of antigenic activity and immunogenicity, and the systematic use of the vaccine, for several years, in a dysfunctional farm contributed to an increase in the safety of newborn young animals, birth rate and a decrease in the total number of cases of respiratory and intestinal infections in animals.

Glotov, A.G. Etiological structure of mass respiratory diseases of young cattle in farms engaged in milk production / A. G. Glotov, T. I. Glotova, A.V. Nefedchenko, S. V. koteneva,                      N. R. Budulov, O. V. Kungurtseva  // Siberian Bulletin of agricultural science. – 2008. –№. 3. – p. 72.

2. Gumerov, V.G. Etiological structure of pathogens of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in cattle // Veterinary doctor. – 2015. – № 3. – p. 12.

3. Evstifeev, V.V. Effectiveness of specific prevention using associated vaccines against parainfluenza-3, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea and chlamydia of cattle / V. V. Evstifeev,            V. G. Gumerov, M. N. Konnov, and others / / Scientific and practical journal "veterinary science, animal Science and Biotechnology". - 2019. - №. 1. - p. 11.

4. Mishchenko, V.A. Features of mass associated respiratory diseases of adult cattle                             / V. A. Mishchenko, V. V. Dumova, O. Yu. Chernykh // Kuban Veterinary Clinic. – 2011. – №. 3. – p. 13.

5. Petryankin, F.P. Diseases of young animals: textbook / F. P. Petryankin, O. Yu. Petrova. - SPb.: "LAN". - 2014. - p. 313.

6. Spiridonov, G.N. Gastrointestinal diseases of newborn calves in the conditions of industrial complexes and the development of therapeutic and preventive measures / G. N. Spiridonov // Veterinary doctor. - 2007. - No5. - p. 26.

7. Yurov, K.P. Distribution of infectious rhinotracheitis and viral diarrhea-diseases of the mucous membranes of cattle in various regions of Russia / K. p. Yurov, A. F. Shulyak, O. G. Petrova, O. V. Maiji / / Tr. RES. 2003. - T. 73. - p. 22.

THE CONDITION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM OF CALVES WITH DIFFERENT BODY MASSES AT BIRTH

State Scientific Institution All-Russian Veterinary

Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy,

(394087, Voronezh, Lomonosova st., 114b, Russia,

e-mail: maxim.zhukoff2015@yandex.ru)

In a dairy farm, using standard clinical, instrumental and laboratory methods, studies were carried out to study the characteristics of the autonomic nervous system in calves (n = 101) with different birth weights. It was shown that the minimum body weight at birth of Holstein calves with a normal level of intrauterine development is 29 kg. In these animals, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is in dynamic equilibrium with a certain predominance of the former, which ensures a stable state of the adrenoreactive mechanisms of the body, the physiological manifestation of transient hypothermia, hyperglycemia and hyperventilation of the lungs.  With antenatal hypotrophy, the development of the autonomic nervous system in the fetus and the manifestation of its functions in the newborn are disrupted. The severity of the manifestation of neuropathies depends on the lack of body weight. With a decrease in the weight of calves at birth to 7%, an increase in sympathicotonia is observed with an increase in the level of adrenaline in the blood, which increases the severity, but does not violate the adaptability of animals to hyperventilation of the lungs, hypothermia and hyperglycemia. An increase in body mass deficit from 7 to 15% is accompanied by the development of autonomic neuropathy, which manifests as hypersympathicotonia, membrane desentization, cardiorespiratory imbalance, vegetovascular dystonia, impaired regulation of thermogenesis and lung ventilation. In calves born with a weight of less than 25 kg (body weight deficit of more than 15%), inhibition of adrenoreactivity of the body is observed and, as a consequence, the dominance of the parasympathetic system with the onset of bradycardia, increased vascular dystonia, hypoglycemia and tachypnea. In addition to the segmental link in these newborns, there is an antenatal pathology of the suprasegmental apparatus of the autonomic nervous system, the clinical manifestation of which is disintegration syndrome and multiple organ failure.

1.    Аlekhin, Yu.N. Diagnostic methods for perinatal pathology in cattle: textbook of methods / Yu.N. Аlekhin. – Voronezh, 2013. – 25 p. – Text: direct.

2.    Аlekhin, Yu.N. Perinatal pathology in cattle and pharmacological aspects of its prevention and treatment: specialty 06.02.06 "Veterinary obstetrics and biotechnology of animal reproduction"; 02.06.03 "Veterinary pharmacology with toxicology": author.  dis.  for the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Sciences/ Аlekhin Yurij Nikolaevich; GNU VNIVVIPFiT Russian Agricultural Academy. – Voronezh, 2013. – 46 с. – Text: direct.

3.    Аlekhin, Yu.N. Parameters of protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in newborn calves with different bodyweight at birth / Yu.N. Аlekhin, V.I. Morgunova, L.N. Kashirina. – Text: direct // The veterinarian. – 2019. - № 4. – p. 3.

4.    Bankalari, E. Newborn lungs / Eduardo Bankalari – M: Logosphere, 2015. – 650 p. – Text: direct.

5.    Vejn. А.M. Autonomic disorders: clinic, diagnosis, treatment / А.M. Vejn. – Moscow, 2003. – 752 p. – Text: direct.

6.    Ivanov, D.O. Violations of the heat balance in newborns / D.O. Ivanov. – M.: N-L, 2012. – 168 p. – Text: direct.

7.    Kryzhanovski' G.N. Dysregulation pathology and pathological integrations in the nervous system / G.N. Kryzhanovski'. – Text: direct. // Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. – 2009. – № 1. – p. 4.

8.    Kuznik B.I. Kletochnye i molekuljarnye mehanizmy reguljacii sistemy gemostaza v norme i patologii / B.I. Kuznik. – Chita: Jekspress-izdatel’stvo, 2010. – 832 p. – Text: direct.

9.    Lasitsa, O.I.  Modern aspects of etiopathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma in young children: Methodical.  recommendations / O.I. Lasitsa, E.N. Okhotnikova. – К., 2000. – 31 p. – Text: direct.

10.     Medvedev, L.N. Brown adipose tissue: molecular-cellular basis of regulated thermogenesis / L.N. Medvedev, E.I. Elsukova. – Krasnoyarsk: Amalgam Publishing House, 2002. – 528 p. – Text: direct.

11.     Mchedlishvili, G.I.  Microcirculation of blood: general laws of regulation and violations / G.I. Mchedlishvili. – L.: Nauka, 1989. – 296 p. – Text: direct.

12.     Palchik, A.B.  Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy of newborns / A.B. Palchik,                  N.P. Shabalov. – M.: MEDpress-inform, 2009. – 253 p. – Text: direct.

13.     Yatsyk, G.V. Vegeto-visceral disorders in newborns with perinatal brain lesions /                          G.V. Yatsyk. – Text: direct // Lechaschi Vrach. – 1998. – No. 3. – p. 11.

14.     A beta-2-adrenergic receptor activates adenilate-cyclase in human erythrocyte membranes at physiological calcium plasma concentration / J.F. Horga, J. Gisbert, J.C. De Agustin [et al.]. – Text: direct // Blood. Сell. Мol. Dis. – 2000. – Vol. 3. – p. 223.

15.     Alekhin, Yu.N. State of the Hemostatic System in the Newborn Calves with Diverse Birth Weights / Yu.N. Alekhin, M.S. Zhukov. – Text: direct // International Scientific and Practical Conference «AgroSMART – Smart Solutions for Agriculture, 16–19 July 2019».KnE Life Sciences. – 2019. –                        p. 773.

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17.     Bristow, M.R. β-Adrenergic receptor blockade in chronic heart failure / M.R. Bristow. – Text: direct // Circulation. – 2000. – Vol. 10. – р. 558.

18.     Eritrocytic Parameters of the Blood of Calves with Different Birth Weights                                    / Yu.N. Alekhin, A.Yu. Lebedeva, M.S. Zhukov [et al.]. – Text: direct // International Scientific and Practical Conference «AgroSMART – Smart Solutions for Agriculture, 16–19 July 2019». KnE Life Sciences. – 2019. – р. 782

19.     Interplay of brain structure and function in neonatal congenital heart disease / A. Birca,                V.A. Vakorin, P. Porayette [et al.]. – Text: direct // Ann Clin Transl Neurol. – 2016. – Vol. 3 (9). -                               p. 708

20.     Keipert, S. Brite/beige fat and UCP1 – is it thermogenesis? /S. Keipert, M. Jastroch. – Text: direct // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. – 2014. – Vol. 1837. – p. 1075.

21.     Kozat, S. Hypothermia in Newborn Calves / S. Kozat. – Text: direct // Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences. – 2018. – Vol. 2. – p. 30.

22.     Monitoring of physiological and blood parameters during perinatal and neonatal period in calves / G. Piccione, S. Casella, P. Pennisi [et al.]. – Text: direct // Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. – 2010. – Vol. 62. – p. 1

23.     Richter, M. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) / M. Richter. – Text: electronic                           // Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine / Gellman M.D., Turner J.R. (eds). – Springer, New York, NY, 2013. – p. 165

24.     The Vermont Oxford Neonatal Encephalopathy Registry: rationale, methods, and initial results / R.H. Pfister, P. Bingham, E.M. Edwards [et al.]. – Text: direct // BMC Pediatrics. – 2012. – Vol. 12(1). – p. 84.

25.     Williams, A.F. Neonatal hypoglycaemia: Clinical and legalaspects / A.F. Williams. – Text: direct // Semin. Fetal Neo. Med. – 2005. – Vol. 10(4). – p. 363

CHANGE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD OF COWS WITH THE USE OF SELENIUM-CONTAINED DRUGS IN DIETS

FGBOOU WAUGH "National research Mordovian

state university of N.P. Ogarev"

(430005, Saransk, genitive of Yalga, Rossiyskaya St., 37;

e-mail: kafedra_zoo@agro.mrsu.ru)

Scientific and economic experience conducted on cows of black and motley breed in the production conditions of VKM-Agro CJSC in the Ruzaevsky municipal region of the Republic of Mordovia continued during lactation. According to the principle of analog pairs, 7 groups were formed from first-calf cows, 15 animals each. Cows of the control group received an economic diet without selenium-containing additives. Analogues of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th experimental groups in addition to the main diet included selenium preparations. The microelement level in the diets of experimental animals of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was regulated by the introduction of sodium selenium acid salts. In the diets of animals, the 3rd and 4th experimental groups were replenished with the organic preparation diacetophenonyl selenide. To the main diet of experimental animals of the 5th and 6th experimental groups, the Sel-Plex organic selenium preparation was added. The studied additive was fed as part of a feed mixture. The feeding and keeping conditions were the same for animals of all groups. Blood was taken from 5 cows from each group from the jugular vein in the morning before feeding different physiological periods. Hematological studies were carried out in physiological periods: in the colostrum period, the period of milking and insemination, the end of lactation. The hemoglobin level, the content of red blood cells, and white blood cells were determined in whole blood. In serum, total protein, albumin, globulins, and fractional composition were examined. A general analysis of blood cells showed that the maximum content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin was found in cows that received Sel-Plex organic selenium preparation at the rate of 0.31-0.36 mg / kg dry matter, which indicates a better metabolism in animals 5 experimental group. Based on the data of morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of animals, it can be argued that the animals were characterized by an increased level of redox processes and a more intense metabolism.

Andreev, A.I. Blood counts of dairy cows when used in the diets of different types of silage./ Andreev A.I., Chikunova V.I., Guryanov A.M. // Agricultural science of the Euro-North-East. -  2012. - № 4 (29). - p. 42.

2. Kalashnikov A. P. Norms and diets of feeding farm animals // Reference manual 3rd edition revised and supplemented / A.P. Kalashnikov, V.I. Fisinin, V.V. Shcheglov and others// Moscow. - 2003. - p. 456.              

3. Prytkov,  Y.N. The effect of organo-selenium preparations in the diets of black-motley cows on metabolism and milk production. / Y.N. Prytkov, A.A. Kistina // Agricultural scientific journal. - 2018. - №. 1. - p. 31.

4. Prytkov,  Yu.N. The influence of coniferous-energy supplements on the digestibility and use of nutrients and minerals of diets by heifers / Yu.N. Prytkov, A.A. Kistina, G.G. Bragin // Agricultural scientific journal. - 2017. - №. 12. - p.42.             

5. Prytkov,  Yu.N.  Enrichment of rations of heifers with coniferous-energy supplement. The point of growth in the efficiency of the agricultural sector in an unstable market / Yu.N. Prytkov,                  A.A.  Kistina, E.I. Dorozhkina // Mat.International. scientific-practical conf. Kazan. - 2018. - p.299.

6. Prytkov, Yu.N. The effectiveness of the use of coniferous-energy feed additives in dairy cattle breeding / Yu.N. Prytkov, A.A. Kistina, M.Yu. Chervyakov // Agrarian Scientific Journal. - 2015. № 10. - p.17.

WHEAT FOOD SAFETY MONITORING BY PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INDICATORS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN FOR THE FIRST HALF OF 2020

FSBSI “Federal Center for Toxicological,

Radiation and Biological Safety”

(420075, Kazan, 2 Nauchny gorodok st;

 e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru)

Providing the population with high-quality and safe food products has always been an urgent, in-demand and priority task. Cereals, mainly wheat, are usually the source of nutrients, vitamins and trace elements. Wheat used for food must be of high quality and safe. Wheat refers to cereal crops, which are the main source of vegetable protein. The quality of wheat grain, its nutritional value and baking properties depend on the protein content, amino acid and physicochemical composition. The article presents the results of studies of  food wheat received from agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan, carried out in the first half of 2020. Food wheat was examined for such organoleptic and physicochemical indicators as, state, color, smell, mass fraction of protein, amount of gluten, falling number, glassiness, weight per hectoliter, humidity, weed and grain admixture, pest infestation and mass fraction of benzo[a]pyrene according to regulatory documents, for compliance with TR CU 015/2011. Tests were carried out in accordance with GOST established for this product. The mass fraction of benzo[a]pyrene was determined by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography based on extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with an organic solvent, purification of the extract using column chromatography and subsequent chromatographic separation. According to the results, it was found that the main quantity of food wheat grain samples had good consumer properties and met all defined indicators. However, during the monitoring, several samples exhibited deviations from those indicators, which can lead to grain damage in storage. Overstatement of mineral impurity was detected in one analyzed sample, in four samples humidity  was slightly increased, who had low values of the weight per hectoliter,  and two samples showed an excess of the level of benzo[a]pyrene. Thus, the data obtained confirm the need for monitoring the safety of food wheat.

1.    Gorobtsova, O.N. the Role of soil cover in migration and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in technogenic pollution / O.N. Gorobtsova, O. G. Nazarenko, T.M. Minkina, N.I. Borisenko, A.V. Yaroshchuk // News of higher educational institutions. North Caucasus region. Natural science. – 2005. - № 1. – p. 73.

2.    Kostin O.V. Tserkovnova O.M. Biochemical composition and grain quality of winter wheat, depending on mineral fertilizers and growth regulators / O.V Kostin, O.M. Tserkovnova // Niva of the Volga region. №. 1 (10). February 2009. - p 19.

3.    GOST 30483 - 97 Grain. Methods for determination of general and fractional content of extraneous matter and damaged grains; content of small grains and grain size; content of grains attacked by pests; content of metallic particles. М.: Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification.

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8.    GOST 27676 - 88 Gereals and cereal milled products. Method for determination of falling number. Moscow: Standardinform 2009.

9.    GOST 10987 - 76 Grain. Methods for determination of vitreousness. IPK Publishing house of Standards.

10.                                           GOST 10840 Grain. Method for determination of hectolitre weight. Moscow: Standardinform, 2017.

11.                                           GOST 13586.5 - 2015 Grain. Method of moisture content determination. Moscow: Standardinform, 2016.

12.                                           Evaluation of crude protein content in feed of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2017                                     / A.R. Makaeva, V.I. Stepanov // Actual problems of veterinary medicine: materials of the international scientific and practical conference, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of Professor V.A. Kirshin / FCTRBS-ARRVI. – Kazan, 2018. – p. 151.

13.                                           Monitoring the nutritional value and chemical safety of the main feeds of the republic of Tatarstan according to the results of studies carried out in 2019 / A.R. Makaeva, O.V. Shlyamina,                      I.M. Fitsev – the Text direct // Butlerov Communications. – 2020 – V. 62. № 4 – p. 123.

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