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  Editorial
   
Title:

FORMATION OF THE DIGESTIVE-TRANSPORT CONVEYOR OF CARBOHYDRATES IN POSTNATALLY PHYSIOLOGICALLY IMMATURE ANIMALS

   
Authors: N.Sh. Khasnutdinov - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
   
Address:

FSBEI HE Volga State Academy of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism,

(420010, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Universiade Village, 35, e-mail: nahas@mail.ru)

   
Abstract:

В эксперименте были использованы крысы линии Вистар. Для получения потомства к самкам подсаживали самцов приблизительно массой тела от 170 до 180 г. Через три дня самок пересаживали в индивидуальные клетки. На 21 день у самок появлялось потомство. Фиксировали дату рождения крысят, взвешивали их и на каждую лактирующую самку помещали по 8 крысят. Крысята содержались в стандартных лабораторных условиях. В эксперименте мы использовали технику “вывернутого мешка’’ для исследования мукозно-серозного транспорта тонкой кишки у растущих крыс. Вывернутые отрезки тонкой кишки длиной 10 см на специальном держателе фиксировали с помощью двух лигатур, затем помещали их термостатируемую камеру для инкубации. Приготовленные препараты использовались для исследования активности мукозно-серозного транспорта из растворов (глюкозы, мальтозы, лактозы и крахмала). Время приготовления препаратов не превышало 3-х минут на каждый. Препараты, приготовленные из трех отделов тонкой кишки, заполняли 1 мл раствора Рингера (рН 3,7) или же 200 % солевым раствором крахмала, глюкозы, мальтозы или лактозы и в течение 30-60 минут инкубировали при постоянной оксигенации при автоматическом качании 60 циклов в минуту.

   
Keywords: mucosal-serous transport, incubation of enzymatically active and transport preparations.
   
References:

References

1. Ugolev, A.M., The study of the digestive apparatus in humans. / A.M. Ugolev, N.N. Jesuit, and others. C.G. Mosevich  – L.: Science. 1969. –  215 р.

2. Ugolev A.M. Membrane digestion. Polysubstrate processes, organization and regulation. /            A.M Ugolev – L .: Science.  1972. – 358р.

3. Ugolev A. M. The evolution of digestion and the principles of evolution of functions. / A.M. Ugolev – L .: Science. 1985. –  543 р.

4. Rakhimov K.R., Demidova A.I. Carbohydrates and mechanisms of their assimilation. /                           K.R. Rakhimov, A.I. Demidova  – Tashkent: Fan.  1986. – 132 р.

5. Rakhimov K.R. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine of growing rabbits / K.R. Rakhimov. // Fiziol. journal THE USSR. 1986 - № 2.- Р.35

6. Rakhimov K.R., Demidova A.I. Enzymes of the initial and final stages of the digestion of carbohydrates in the ontogenesis of mammals // Successes sovr. biol. – 1987. – T. 104. – Issue 1 (4). – S. 22.

7. Khasnutdinov N.Sh. Postnatal ontogenesis of the digestive transport conveyor of carbohydrates. Abstract. diss. ... cand. biol. Sciences: 03.07.02. / N.Sh. Khasnutdinov. – Kazan, 2002. – 18 p.

8. Khasnutdinov N.Sh. Formation of the digestive transport conveyor of carbohydrates in postnatally physiologically immature animals // N.Sh. Khasnutdinov. Veterinarian. – 2019. – No. 3. – C 46.

9. Anderson C.M., Messer M., Townley R.R. W. Freeman M., Robinson M.J. / C.M., Anderson,                  M. Messer, R.R.W. Townley, M. Freeman, M.J. Robinson // Intestinal isomaltase deficiency in patients with hereditary sucrose and starch intolerance. – Lancet. – 1962. – N. 7255. – P. 556.

10. Wilson T.H., Wiseman G. The use of sacs everted small intestine for the study of the transference of substances from the mucosal to the serosal surface. / T.H. Wilson, G. Wiseman. // J. Physiol. – 1954. – V. 123. – P. 116.

 

 

 

 

  Toxicology
   
Title:

STUDY OF THE FIELD ISOLATE FUSARIUM SPOROTRICHIOIDES RM+

   
Authors: Potekhina R. M. - Сandidate of Biological Sciences
   
Address:

FSBSI “Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety”,

(420075, Kazan, Nauchny gorodok-2, e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru)

   
Abstract:

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

Field isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium are widely distributed in the environment, producing under certain conditions highly toxic metabolites, in particular T-2 toxin. The aim of the research is to study the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the production of the t-2 toxin Fusarium sporotrichioides. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FCTRBS-RRVI". The object of the study was a field isolate Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+, isolated from a sample of feed containing T-2 toxin above the maximum permissible concentration (185 mcg/kg). The isolated Fusarium sporotrichioides RM+ isolate had morphological properties typical for this species. Micromycete colonies are fast-growing, abundant aerial mycelium on simple or branched conidiophores. Microconidia pear-shaped, abundant-oval, pointed, 0-1 septum; macroconidia fusiform-Crescent-shaped, fusiform or Crescent-shaped with a gradually narrowing upper cell. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphological properties and production of a toxic metabolite (T-2 toxin) by the Fusarium sporotrichioidesRM+field isolate was investigated. It is shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to changes in the mycelium of microscopic fungi, growth tubes, chlamydospores, the shape and structure of macro and microconidia. After 48 hours of irradiation of the field isolate, chlamydospores bloated and intense division, micro and macroconidia were observed. Exposure of 72 hours contributed to the change of mushroom spores. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation was characterized by mutational changes in the micromycete. The optimal condition for increasing the t-2 toxin content was exposure to UV radiation for 72 hours. The toxin content was 782±3.17 mcg / kg, which is 4.2 times higher than the initial level (P<0.001). After 96 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, there was a decrease in toxin formation.

  Radiobiology
   
Title:

EXPERIMENTAL SELECTION OF DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION CAUSING GROWTH INHIBITION AND FULL INACTIVATION OF GOLDEN STAFILOKOK

   
Authors: Gaynutdinov T.R. - Сandidate of Biological Sciences
   
Address:

FSBSI “Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety”,

(420075, Kazan, Nauchny gorodok-2, e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru)

   
Abstract:

Experiments to study the radioresistance of Staphylococcus aureus culture were carried out in the Department of Radiobiology of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “FCTRBS-RRVI”. Gamma irradiation of the test material was carried out on the Researcher installation with a 60Co radiation source and an exposure dose of 3.7 kGy/hour, at doses of 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 kGy . The degree of inactivation of gamma-irradiated microorganisms was determined by plating them on Kitt-Tarozzi medium with the addition of cattle serum and salt meat and peptone agar, followed by incubation for 7 days and recording the presence or absence of microorganism growth. Studies have shown that gamma irradiation of a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms in dose ranges from 20 to 65 kGy causes growth retardation, complete inactivation of the culture occurs when irradiated at a dose of 70 kGy.

  Biotechnology
   
Title:

DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO MORAXELLA BOVOCULI BACTERIA IN BLOOD SERUM OF CATTLE BY ELISA

   
Authors: Dupleva L.Sh. - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Spiridonov G.N. - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Khusainov I.T. - junior research.
   
Address:

FSBSI “Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety”,

(420075, Kazan, Nauchny gorodok-2, e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru)

   
Abstract:

The results of a study on the creation of an enzyme immunoassay system for the serological diagnosis of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and the control of post-vaccination immunity are presented. The antigen made from the «SH-CH6  DEP»   strain of Mraxella bovoculi bacteria by destroying bacterial cells on an ultrasonic disintegrator, as well as cattle serum positive and negative for Moraxella bovoculi bacteria, were used as the main components in the enzyme immunoassay system. According to the results of chess titration of antigen, control sera and peroxidase conjugate, their optimal working doses were established. A laboratory test of the specificity and sensitivity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system was carried out. As a result of studies, it was found that all components of the kit are sensitive, specific and active. Using the «Drug Kit for the Detection of Specific Antibodies to Moraxella bovoculi Bacteria by Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA)», a study was carried out of blood serum samples from cattle from various epizootic infectious keratoconjunctivitis cattle farms in the Republic of Tatarstan. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system was found to detect specific antibodies to Moraxella bovoculi bacteria in 97,3% of healthy vaccinated and 95,8% of patients with infectious keratoconjunctivitis animals. At the same time, it was found that the components of the kit do not react with blood sera obtained from intact animals from farms that are successful in infectious keratoconjunctivitis. Thus, the proposed test system allows the titer of specific antibodies in the blood serum to identify sick animals among unvaccinated livestock and determine the intensity of immunity in vaccinated animals. Based on the results of studies on the enzyme immunoassay test system, regulatory documents for its manufacture, control and use were developed, and a RF patent was obtained.

   
Keywords: Keywords: infectious keratoconjunctivitis, bacteria Moraxella bovoculi, cattle, antigen, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
   
References:

References 

1.Vasilev, D.A. Sovremennyie metodyi immunodiagnostiki infektsionnyih bolezney [Modern methods of immunodiagnostics of infectious diseases] / D.A. Vasilev, P.I. Baryishnikov, B.V. Novikov /  Ulyanovsk. - 1998. - Р. 15.

2.Gaffarov, H.Z. Immunofermentnyiy analiz v diagnostike reovirusnoy infektsii krupnogo rogatogo skota [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of rheovirus infection in cattle] / H.Z. Gaffarov, M.A. Efimova, O.V. Moskvichev // Veterinarnyiy vrach. - 2011. - №5. - Р. 14.

3.Karaychentsev, D.V. Sovershenstvovanie laboratornoy diagnostiki infektsionnogo keratokon'yunktivita krupnogo rogatogo skota: avtoref. dis. … k. vet. nauk. [Improving the laboratory diagnosis of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle] / D.V. Karaychentsev / M. - 2016. - 23 р.

4.         Patent № 2521651 Ros. Federatsiya, MPK S12N 1/20, A61K 39/00. Shtamm bakteriy Moraxella bovoculi «SH-CH6  DEP», ispolzuemyiy dlya izgotovleniya diagnostikumov i vaktsin protiv infektsionnogo keratokonyunktivita krupnogo rogatogo skota [The bacterial strain Moraxella bovoculi  «SH-CH6  DEP» used for the manufacture of diagnosticums and vaccines against infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle] / A.V. Ivanov, G.N. Spiridonov, A.A. Ivanov [i dr.]; zayavitel FGBU «FTsTRB-VNIVI». - 2013117096/10; opubl. 10.07.2014, Byul. №19.

5.         Spiridonov, A.G. Immunofermentnyiy metod diagnostiki anaerobnoy enterotoksemii zhivotnyih [Enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of animal anaerobic enterotoxemia] / A.G. Spiridonov // Veterinarnyiy vrach. - Kazan. - 2018. - №6. - Р. 26.

6. Spiridonov, G.N. Biologicheskie svoystva bakteriy Moraxella bovoculi - vozbuditelya infektsionnogo keratokonyunktivita krupnogo rogatogo skota [Biological properties of bacteria Moraxella bovoculi - the causative agent of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle] / G.N. Spiridonov, L.V. Valebnaya, L.Sh. Dupleva [i dr.] // Veterinarnyiy vrach. - 2017. - № 3. - Р.  8.

7. Angelos, J.A. Cloning and characterization of a Moraxella bovis cytotoxin gene / J.A. Angelos, J.F. Hess, L.W. George // Am. J. Vet. Res. - 2001. - V. 62. - P. 1222.

8. Angelos, J.A. Differentiation of Moraxella bovoculi sp. nov. from other coccoid moraxellae by the use of polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis of amplified DNA / J.A. Angelos,        L.M. Ball // J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. - 2007. - V. 19 - P. 532.

9. Angelos, J.A Recombinant Moraxella bovoculi cytotoxin-ISCOM matrix adjuvanted vaccine to prevent naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis / J.A. Angelos, V.M. Lane, L.M. Ball,             J. F. Hess // Vet. Res. Commun. - 2010. - V. 34(3). - P. 229.

10.       Bishop, B. Enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of anti - Moraxella bovis antibodies / B. Bishop, G.G. Schurig, H.F. Troutt // Am. J. Vet. Res. - 1982. - V. 43. - P. 1443.

11.       Galvão, K.N. Ulcerative blepharitis and conjunctivitis in adult dairy cows and association with Moraxella bovoculi / N. K. Galvão, J. A. Angelos // Can Vet J. - 2010. - V. 51(4). - P. 400.

12.       Lapper, A.W.D. Vaccination against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: protective efficacy and antibody response induced by by pili of homologous und heterologous Strains of Moraxella bovis / A.W.D. Lapper. // Austr. Vet. J.  - 1988. - 65-10- P. 129.

13.       McConnel, C.S. Serologic cross-reactivity of Australian Moraxella bovis to vaccinal bacterin trains as determined by competitive ELISA / C.S McConnel, L. Shum, B.L. Gleeson, J.K. House // J. Aust. Vet. 2008. -V.86.- P. 124 -129.

14.       Postma, G.C. Moraxella bovis pathogenicity: an update / G.C. Postma, J.C. Carfagnini,           L. Minatel // Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2008. - V. 31 (6). - P. 449.

 

  VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY WITH TOXICOLOGY
   
Title:

COMPLEX CONIFEROUS BALSAMIC FIR FOR DISINFECTION OF HATCHING EGGS

   
Authors: Suntsova O.A. - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Zadorozhnaya M.V. - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Lysko S.B. - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences
   
Address:

Siberian Research Institute of Poultry Farming – is a branch of

the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Omsk Agricultural Research Center"

(644555, Omsk Region, Omsk District, p. Morozovka,

st. 60 years of Victory, 1, sibniip@mail.ru)

   
Abstract:

In the technological process of poultry production, the most vulnerable is the incubator, in which favorable conditions are created not only for the developing embryo, but also for microorganisms. The task of disinfection is to prevent the accumulation of microflora to critical levels and to prevent overgrowth of young animals at the conclusion. However, not all products used to process hatching eggs are effective and safe for future offspring, staff and the environment. The aim of the study was to develop an effective scheme for the disinfection of hatching eggs using a complex of coniferous balsamic fir. The studies were carried out in the Department of Veterinary Poultry Siberian Research Institute of poultry farming - is a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Omsk Agricultural Research Center" and in the poultry farm on incubatory eggs of the quail of the Pharaon breed. In experiments in vitro, it was found that the optimal effect on microorganisms is a 10% aqueous solution of the complex coniferous balsamic fir for 60 minutes, which caused the death of all test cultures. When studying different patterns of application of the test drug under experimental conditions, double-disinfection of incubatory eggs was found to be most effective, which reduces insemination by 31.4-75.0%, the frequency of isolation of staphylococci and enterococci by 20-40%, enterobacteria by 20%, which increases the hatchability of eggs by 4.0% and young hatching by 3.7%. Testing this circuit in a production experiment confirmed the experimental data. Processing incubation eggs of quail eggs with a 10% aqueous solution of a complex of coniferous balsamic fir before incubation and for 15.5 days reduces the microbial insemination of the shell by 41.5-90.5%, increases the hatchability of eggs by 3.9%, the output is quail by 2.7%, the safety of hatched young quails for the first 14 days of life by 2% does not have a negative effect on both the developing embryo and the maintenance staff and can be recommended for use in poultry farms.

   
Keywords: complex coniferous balsamic fir, microbial contamination, incubatory egg of the quail, hatchability of eggs, young hatching, egg disinfection
   
References:

References

1. Bushina O.A. Primeneniye nekotorykh sovremennykh khimicheskikh preparatov dlya dezinfektsii inkubatsionnykh yaits kur [The use of some modern chemicals for the disinfection of hatching chicken eggs] / O.A. Bushina // Veterinarnaya meditsina. - 2009. - Vol. 1-2. - P. 90.

2. Donskov A.P. Sposoby dezinfektsii inkubatsionnykh yaits  [Methods for disinfection of hatching eggs] / A.P. Donskov, D.D. Krivchik, A.P. Voloshin // Mezhdunar. nauch. periodich. izd. po itogam Mezhdunar. nauch.-praktich. konf.: «Novaya nauka: strategii i vektory razvitiya» : v 2 ch. — Sterlitamak: RITS AMI, 2016. - Part 1. - P. 9.

3. Zadorozhnaya, M. Laboratornyye ispytaniya novykh rastitelnykh preparatov dlya obezzarazhivaniya ob"yektov ptitsevodstva [Laboratory tests of new herbal preparations for disinfection of poultry facilities] / M. Zadorozhnaya, S. Lysko, A. Portyanko i dr. // Glavnyy zootekhnik. - 2019. - Vol. 9. - P. 9.

4. Zelenskaya, K.L. Uglekislotnyye ekstrakty pikhty i spirtovyye ekstrakty delfiniuma i boligolova v kompleksnom lechenii i profilaktike vospalitel'nykh zabolevaniy verkhnikh dykhatelnykh putey  [Carbon dioxide extracts of fir and alcoholic extracts of delphinium and hemlock in the complex treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract] / K.L. Zelenskaya, YU.V. Nesterova, T.N. Povetyeva i dr. // Sovremennyye problemy fitoterapii: Mat. I Mezhdunar. s"yezda fitoterapevtov. - M., 2006. - P. 84.

5. Krasnobayev, YU. Dezinfektsiya inkubatsionnykh yaits [Disinfection of hatching eggs ] /                     Y.U. Krasnobayev, O. Krasnobayeva, A. Krykanov i dr. // Ptitsevodstvo. - 2011. - Vol. 9. - P. 63.

6. Krasnobayeva, O.A. Na chto sleduyet obratitvnimaniye pri dezinfektsii inkubatsionnykh yaits [What should I look for when disinfecting hatching eggs] / O.A. Krasnobayeva, YU.V. Krasnobayev,             L.P. Gontsova i dr. // Veterinariya Kubani. - 2012. - Vol. 4. - P. 13.

7. Kulikova A.V. Vliyaniye pikhtovita na produktivnosti antioksidantnyy status broylero [The effect of fir on the productivity and antioxidant status of broilers] / A.V. Kulikova, A.V. Khokhlova // Veterinariya. - 2007. - Vol. 2. - P. 12-15.

8. Lakin, G.F. Biometriya  [Biometry] / G.F. Lakin. - M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1973. - 343 p.

9. Maymeskulova L.A. Issledovaniye nekotorykh vidov biologicheskoy aktivnosti izvlecheniy iz pikhty [Elektronnyy resurs] [The study of some types of biological activity of extracts from fir] /                          L.A. Maymeskulova, I.M. Koshkarev, V.I. Karpitskiy. - (https://cow-leech.ru/docs/index-8264.html)

10. Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii po inkubatsii yaits selskokhozyaystvennoy ptitsy . [Guidelines for the incubation of eggs of poultry] – Sergiyev Posad: FGBNU VNITIP, 2011. – 46 p.

11. Metodicheskiye ukazaniya o poryadke ispytaniya novykh dezinfitsiruyushchikh sredstv dlya veterinarnoy praktiki  [Guidelines on the test procedure for new disinfectants for veterinary practice ] / Gosagroprom SSSR. — M., 1987 — 45 p.

12. Polyanchikov A.A. Populyatsionnaya genetika v ptitsevodstve  [Population genetics in poultry farming] / A.A. Polyanchikov. - M.: Kolos, 1980. - 44 p.

13. Pravila provedeniya dezinfektsii i dezinvazii ob"yektov veterinarnogo nadzora [Tekst] [Rules for the disinfection and disinfestation of objects of veterinary surveillance]: № 13-5-2/0525 Utv. 15.07.2002

14. Smirnov A.A. Eksperimental'nyye issledovaniya po dezinfektsii ozonom perepelinykh inkubatsionnykh yaits [Tekst] [Experimental studies on ozone disinfection of quail hatching eggs] / A.A. Smirnov // Innovatsii v sel'skom khozyaystve. - 2015. - Vol. 5 (15). - P. 53-55.

15. Khvoynyye substantsii dlya sel'skogo khozyaystva [Elektronnyy resurs] [Coniferous substances for agriculture]. / - (http://solagift.ru/?page_id=403)

  VETERINARY VIROLOGY, EPIZOOTOLOGY AND ANIMAL THERAPY
   
Title:

ELISA METHOD FOR DETERMINING SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS IN BLOOD SERUM OF CATTLE

   
Authors: 1Spiridonov G.N. - Doctor of Biological Sciences, 1Gaffarov Kh.Z. - Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, 2Gilmutdinov R.Ya. - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, 1Spiridonov A.G. - Candidate of Biological Sciences.
   
Address:

1 FSBSI “Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety”,

(420075, Kazan, Nauchny gorodok-2,  e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru)

 

2 Kazan state Academy of veterinary medicine Bauman Institute of medicine,

(420074, Kazan, Sibirskiy trakt 35,)


   
Abstract:

The research presented the results of a study on the development of an enzyme immunoassay system for determining specific antibodies to Mycobacterium bovis. The main components of the immunoassay test system are an antigen obtained from the BCG vaccine strain by water-phenol extraction, as well as positive and negative bovine serum for Mycobacterium bovis bacteria. Positive serum was obtained on clinically healthy producing bulls by hyperimmunizing them with a BCG vaccine strain. We conducted a production test of an enzyme immunoassay system to assess the epizootic situation in           6 dysfunctional farms for bovine tuberculosis. Studies have found that up to 92.7% of cows that respond positively to tuberculin from tuberculosis-affected farms give a positive reaction in the ELISA. The titers of anti-TB antibodies in their blood serum ranged from 1: 120 to 1: 7680. During post-slaughter examination, 18-55% of animals showed changes in internal parenchymal organs and regional lymph nodes characteristic of tuberculosis. During the bacteriological study of pathological material from these animals, virulent isolates of Mycobacterium bovis were isolated. We conducted an ELISA study of 58 samples of blood serums obtained from cows that responded positively to tuberculin from tuberculosis-free farms. At the same time, 54 (93.1%) of them gave a negative reaction, 4 samples (6.9%) – a positive reaction in dilutions of serums 1:40 – 1:80. Post-mortem examination of internal parenchymal organs and regional lymph nodes did not reveal changes characteristic of tuberculosis. 8 cows from the private sector that respond positively to tuberculin were slaughtered. During post-slaughter examination, 6 heads were found to have dicroceliosis. Bacteriological studies of parenchymal organs and lymph nodes, serological studies of blood serums in ELISA from all 8 animals gave negative results. The results of the research allow us to assert the possibility of using ELISA for the lifetime diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.

   
Keywords: tuberculosis, cattle, diagnostics, antigen, Mycobacterium bovis, enzyme immunoassay References
   
References:

1. Arakelov, A.B. Polucheniye antigena MRV83 Mycobacterium bovis dlya diagnostiki tuberkuleza zhivotnykh metodom IFA: dis. …kand. biol. nauk /A.B. Arakelov. M., 2006. – P. 152.

2. Ivanov, A.V. Razrabotka i ispytanie test-sistemy dlya diagnostiki hlamidioza krupnogo rogatogo skota metodom IFA / A.V. Ivanov, V.V. Evstifeev, F.M. Husainov i dr. // Veterinarnyj vrach. - 2011. - № 2. -  P. 10.

3. Kosarev, M.A. Differentsial'naya serologicheskaya diagnostika brutselleza u krupnogo rogatogo skota, privitogo vaktsinoy iz shtamma 82, i yeye znacheniye v obshchey sisteme mer bor'by s dannym zabolevaniyem / M.A. Kosarev, A.M. Fomin, G.M. Safina i dr. // Veterinarnyy vrach. - 2019. - № 5. - P. 23.

4. Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii po differentsial'noy diagnostike nespetsificheskikh reaktsiy u krupnogo rogatogo skota pri diagnosticheskom issledovanii na tuberkulez / A. T. Tatarchuk [i dr.]. - Yekaterinburg: IRA UTK, 2004. – P. 24.

5. Naymanov, A. KH. Mikobakterialnyye infektsii krupnogo rogatogo skota / A.KH. Naymanov, M.I. Gulyukin. - M.: Zoovetkniga, 2014. – P. 235.

6. Patent RF № 2416428, MPK A61K39/00 S12N1/20. Sposob polucheniya antigena dlya diagnostiki tuberkuleza krupnogo rogatogo skota / T.R. Yakupov, K.S. Khayertdinov, R.A. Khamzin, I.K. Fakhrtdinov; zayavitel i patentoobladatel FGBOU VPO «KGAVM im. N.E. Baumana»; opubl. 20.04.2011.

7. Spiridonov, A.G. Immunofermentnyy metod diagnostiki anaerobnoy enterotoksemii zhivotnykh / A.G. Spiridonov // Veterinarnyy vrach. - Kazan'. - 2018. - №6. - P. 26.

8. Khazipov, N.Z. Sposob polucheniya antigena dlya diagnostiki tuberkuleza krupnogo rogatogo skota / N.Z. Khazipov, A.A. Nurullin, V.P. Koksin, R.P. Tyurikova // Avtorskoye svidetelstvo № 1638853, 1990.

9. Khamzin, R.A. Immunofermentnyy analiz dlya vyyavleniya protivotuberkuleznykh antitel u krupnogo rogatogo skota /R.A. Khamzin, M.A. Safin, K.G. Idrisova // Voprosy borby s tuberkulezom lyudey i zhivotnykh. – Tashkent, 1990. – P. 112-114.

10. Khodun, L.M. Test-sistema Elisa dlya diagnostiki tuberkuleza krupnogo rogatogo skota i kriterii otsenki rezul'tatov metoda / L.M. Khodun, N.I. Tsunskaya // Razrabotka sredstv i metodov borby s tuberkulezom zhivotnykh. – Novosibirsk, 1990. – P. 10.

11. Tsunskaya, N.I. Diagnostika tuberkuleza krupnogo rogatogo skota metodom IFA / N.I. Tsunskaya, L.T. Appelgants // Sistema mer borby s tuberkulezom s.-kh. zhivotnykh. – Novosibirsk, 1991. – P. 35.

12. Moudgil, K.D. Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay based on sonicate supernation antigens of Mycobacterium W for immunodiagnostic of leprosy / K.D. Moudgil, S.K. Gupta // Indian J. Lepr. 1988. – 60. - №2. – P. 159.

13. Ritacco, V. Further evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorpent assay for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis / V. Ritacco, B. Lopez, L. Barrera / J. Veter. Med. Ser. B. 1990, 37. – P. 19.

14. Tacco, R. Assessment of the sensitivitiand specificity of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorpent / R. Tacco, V. Kantor / J. Veter. Med. Ser. B. – 1987, vol. 34. – P. 119.

15. Immunofermentnyy analiz krovi pri tuberkuleze. https://siestafit.ru/analiz-krovi/immunofermentnyy-analiz-krovi-pri-tuberkuleze.

16. IFA na tuberkulez ili immunofermentnyy analiz na tuberkulez http://tbdoc.ru/analysis/krovi.html.

17. Patomorfologicheskiye izmeneniya v organizme zhivotnykh pri tuberkuleze https://studfiles.net/preview/2901312/page:2.

18. Tuberkulez. https://vetvo.ru/tuberkulez.html.

19.Tuberkulez. https://nsau.edu.ru/images/vetfac/images/ebooks/microbiology/stu/micro/tuberk.htm.

20. Osobennosti provedeniya testa IFA na tuberkulez. https://pulmonologi.ru/tuberkulez/ifa.html.

   
   
Title:

METHODS OF COMBATING RABIES IN WILD ANIMALS USING SMALL AIRCRAFT.

   
Authors: Melnik R.N. - candidate of biological sciences
   
Address:

Federal State Budgetary Institution “All-Russian Scientific Research

and Technological Institute of Biological Industry”

(141142, Moscow Region, Biocombinat, e-mail: vnitibp@mail.ru)

   
Abstract:

The article describes the state of the country's wild fauna in relation to rabies of animals (especially wild carnivores), which is one of the most important international criteria (WHO, FAO) for assessing the biological and environmental safety of a human environment. Due to the natural and territorial features of Russia, measures to improve the territory from rabies should be carried out on the basis of our own program, taking into account the experience and performing culture of the European society. In this situation, in order to avoid the extremely serious consequences associated with the further spread of rabies in the country, it is urgently necessary: a) Improving and creating new drugs and methods; b) Organization of production of a new generation of vaccines; c) Organization of transportation and storage of drugs; d) Organization of unfolding measures (in all possible ways: manual layout, auto-moto layout, layout on snowmobiles, aviation layout-scattering) bait with a vaccine for oral vaccination of wild carnivores; e) Organization of the production of test systems for monitoring the rabies of wild carnivores, unproductive and farm animals; f) To draw the attention of the leaders of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, especially in regions of extremely unfavorable rabies, to the social and international significance of this problem.

The rise and decrease in the number of cases of rabies in our country is closely related to the volume of government procurement of drugs for the prevention of rabies and their local use. We have developed a formulation of a pressed solid form of bait, which did not collapse when thrown from a height, and was stored without signs of bacterial growth for 30 days at a temperature of 13-15 ° C (observation period). The briquette bait for wild animals, includes a vaccine in a polypropylene shell. The aviation method for distributing vaccine decoys is used in most European countries. The quality of the spread of baits when using aviation is controlled by a computer and a satellite navigation system (GPS or equivalent), which allows you to accurately document the coordinates and frequency of the baits discharge. To increase the efficiency and automation of the spread of rabies vaccine baits over large areas, we developed and manufactured a model of a universal aviation bait spreader. The control unit software includes a spreader control program (depending on the flight characteristics of the aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicle), as well as a report program that includes marking the bait unloading points by GPS coordinates attached to the terrain and generating a report on the flight results indicating discharge points, which is controlled by an LED bait unloading control system. The number of vaccine baits per 1 km is 25-30 baits / km2. [2,3,5].

   
Keywords: rabies, small aircraft, vaccine, drones, bait, satellite navigation, oral immunization.
   
References:

References

1. Melnik, N.V. The current state and development trends of animal husbandry in the Moscow region / N.V. Melnik, A.Ya. Samuilenko, M.G. Vinnikov and others // Veterinary medicine. - 2019. - No. 2. - p. 3.

2. Patent PF No. 187545 Spreader / N.V. Melnik, A.Ya. Samuilenko, S.A. Grin et al. 03/12/2019.

3. Patent PF No. 184699 Spreader / N.V. Melnik, A.Ya. Samuilenko, S.A. Grin et al., November 6, 2018.

4. Klyukina, V.I. Genetic engineering plant vaccines against rabies / materials of the international scientific-practical conference "Scientific basis for the production and quality assurance of biological products for the agricultural sector". - Schelkovo. - 2014 .- P. 385.

5. Pukhova N.M. Methods of combating rabies in carnivores / N.M. Pukhova, A.Ya. Samuilenko, N.K. Eremets // Veterinary medicine and feeding. – 2014 -. No. 4. - p. 48.

6. Patent RF No. 2538617, The method of obtaining rabies vaccines / A.Ya. Samuilenko, N.I. Zenov and etc. 05.21.2014.

7. Patent RF No. 2287343The method of obtaining rabies vaccines / N.V. Melnik, N.I. Zenov,  S.N. Krasutkin and etc., 05.31.2005.

  GENETICS OF FARM ANIMALS
   
Title:

PRODUCTIVITY, MORPHOMETRIC AND INCUBATION QUALITIES OF EGGS OF LAYING HENS WHEN USING AN ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENT IN THEIR FEEDING (PRODUCTION EXPERIENCE)

   
Authors: Pykhtina L.A. - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Ulitko V.E. - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Gulyaeva L.Yu. - Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Savina E.V. - Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Desyatov O.A. - Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate, Semenova Yu.V - Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
   
Address:

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

 «Ulyanovsk State Agricultural University named after P.A. Stolypin»

(432017, 1 Novy Venets Boulevard, e-mail: kоrmlen@yandex.ru)

   
Abstract:

The article experimentally substantiates the feasibility of feeding in industrial technology conditions to the young of the parent herd and laying hens of compound feed enriched with the antioxidant drug "Carcesel". It was found that it, along with a positive effect on the growth of repair young, significantly (P<0.01-0.001) affects the growth of its reproductive system, which was manifested in an increase in ovarian mass by 11.40%, weight and length of the oviduct by 16.36 and 38.02%, respectively, in relation to the poultry population of the control group. Such differences undoubtedly affected the quantitative and qualitative indicators of their egg productivity, and, consequently, significantly caused an increase in the yield of hatching and fertilized eggs. Feeding the vitamin-selenium-containing preparation "Carcesel" in the poultry diet causes its better survival and a higher level of manifestation of the potential of egg productivity and morpho – biochemical composition of eggs, which is manifested in the best of their incubation qualities: fertilization, hatchability and Hatchling. Feed conversion and other economic indicators of rearing young and egg production are also improving.

The research was carried out with the financial support of the RFBR and the Ulyanovsk region in the framework of scientific project No. 19-416-730005.

   
Keywords: antioxidant preparation, egg production, morphological and biochemical parameters of eggs, reproductive organs.
   
References:

References

1. Abilov, B.T. Improving the safety of chickens when using various feed additives (review) /             B.T. Abitov, K.A. Strebkova // Science news in the agricultural sector. - 2019.- No. 3 (12). - P. 145.

2. AksakovD.V. The effect of yeast probiotic in combination with an enzyme on duck productivity / D.V. Aksakov, A.Sh. Salyakhov, O.A. Yakimov //Veterinarian. - 2020. - No. 1. - P. 23.

3. Egorov, I.A. Scientific developments in the field of poultry feeding / I.A. Egorov // Poultry and poultry products. - 2013.-№5. - P.8.

4. Koshchaev, A.G. Functional feed additives from carotene-containing plant materials for poultry farming / A.G. Koshchaev, S.A. Kalyuzhny, O.V. Koshchaeva et al. // Polymatic network electronic journal of the Kuban State Agrarian University. - 2013. - No. 93. - P. 334.

5. PapunidiK.Kh. Hematological parameters and natural resistance of broiler chickens during heavy metal contamination of diets and the use of sorbents / K.Kh Papunidi., R.U. Biktashev, I.R. Kadikov,           G.Sh.  Zakirova //Veterinarian. - 2019. - No. 4. - P. 27.

6. Plokhinsky N.A. Guide to biometrics for livestock / N.A. Plokhinsky. - M.: Kolos, 1970.- P. 256.

7. Trukhina T.F. Methodical recommendations for calculating the cost of food products at egg-producing poultry farms / T.F. Trukhina. - M .; GU VNIIPP. - 2005.- P. 108.

8. Fisinin V. Natural minerals in the feeding of animals and birds / V. Fisinin // Livestock of Russia. 2008. - No. 9. - P. 62.

9. Fisinin, V.I. Modern approaches to feeding highly productive birds / V.I. Fisinin, I.A. Egorov // Poultry and poultry products. - 2015. –№ 3. - P. 27.

10. Tsotsoyeva F. A new drug in the diets of chickens / F. Tsogoyeva // Poultry. - 2008. - No. 10. - P. 44.

11. Schennikova I.V. The need of poultry for nutrients / I.V. Schennikova, O.V. Lishchenko // Transl. from English I.V. Shchennikova. - M .: Kolos, 2000 .- P. 255.

  

 
   
Title:

DYNAMICS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GLOWS DEPENDING ON THE NUMBER OF ASPARAGINATES IN THEIR DIES

   
Authors: Ziruk I.V. - Сandidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor; Kopchekchi M.E. - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor; Egunova A.V. - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; Skliarov S.P. - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences; Miroshnichenko P.V. - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences
   
Address:

Saratov state agrarian University Vavilov University, Saratov

(410012, Saratov, Teatralnaya Square, 1, е-mail: iziruk@yandex.ru)

   
Abstract:

Minerals, including trace elements, occupy an important place in ensuring proper animal feeding. It is important to keep in mind that mineral additives in the form of inorganic salts such as sulfates or oxides of various metals are poorly absorbed by the body. At the same time, the absorption of salts of organic amino acids, which are more similar in structure to a living cell, occurs in a much larger volume indicate that many organic forms of trace elements are more accessible than inorganic. The analysis is carried out and the effect of a different number of doses of a complex of trace elements based on L-aspartic acid on the dynamics of growth and development of gilts is studied. It was revealed that the complex used throughout the experimental period contributed to a positive trend in increasing the average live weight, organometrical indices of the internal organs, which was most clearly observed in gilts of the 2nd experimental group, which received 10% of the microelement complex based on L-aspartic acid in the diet . Therefore, the inclusion in the diet of 10% of the generally accepted norm of a complex of trace elements (zinc, iron, copper, cobalt and manganese) in connection with L-aspartic acid, was sufficient to provide the body of the gilts of the 2nd experimental group with higher protective properties, compared to their peers experience.

   
Keywords: stomach, pigs, live weight, trace elements, dynamics.
   
References:

References

1. Demkin, G.P. The influence of trace elements on the morphological blood parameters of gilts /                G.P. Demkin, V.V. Salautin, I.Yu. Domnitsky, M.E. Kopchekchi, A.V. Egunova, I.V. Ziruk, A.V. Lukyanenko // Bulletin of KrasGAU. - 2018. No. 1 (136). P. 59.

2. Dezhatkina, S.V. Soya production waste in pig farming / S.V. Dezhatkina, A.Z. Mukhitov // Scientific notes of the Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman. - 2011.- T.- 206.- P. 55.

3. Ziruk, I.V. The influence of the chelate complex on the level of resistance and protein metabolism of gilts / I.V. Ziruk // In the collection: Young scientists in solving actual problems of science Materials of the international scientific-practical conference of young scientists and specialists. FSBEI of HE "South Ural State Agrarian University". - 2016.P. 134.

4. Ziruk, I.V. The effect of certain types of feed on the body of pigs / I.V. Ziruk, V.V. Salautin // Saratov, - 2013.

5. Ziruk, I.V. The effect of the complex of microelements on the immunobiological status of gilts /            I.V. Ziruk, V.V. Salautin, G.P. Demkin, N.T. Vinnikov // Bulletin of the Saratov State Agrarian University. N.I. Vavilova.- 2012.- No. 4.- P. 13.

6. Katkov, N.V. Morphology of animals: textbook. allowance / N.V. Katkov, V.V. Salautin, I.V. Ziruk.– Saarbrücken: Palmarium Academic Publishing.- 2012. – P. 290.

7. Pudovkin, N.A. The effect of the ferran preparation on iron metabolism of laboratory animals /               N.A. Pudovkin, T.Yu. Poperechneva, I.Yu. Kutepova // Bulletin of the Saratov State Agrarian University.          N.I. Vavilova.- 2012.- No. 7.- P. 41-43.

8. Pudovkin, N.A. Iron exchange in the body of piglets and the ways of its correction / N.A. Pudovkin, T.V. Garipov, P.V. Smutnev // Bulletin of the Altai State Agrarian University. - 2015.- No. 2.- (124) .- P. 49.

9. Salautin, V.V. Asparaginates in the diets of gilts / V.V. Salautin, I.V. Ziruk, E.O. Chechetkina, M.P. Simonova, O.V. Fedotova // Science Newsletter NUBIP of Ukraine. Seriya: Veterinary medicine, product and non-food products. - 2013. No. 188-1. P. 153.

10. Salautin, V.V. The effect of various amounts of rye on the morphological parameters of the liver of gilts / V.V. Salautin, I.V. Ziruk // Pig Production.- 2008.- No. 3.- P. 32.

11. Osipchuk, G.V. The issue of therapy postpartum endometritis in sows using environmentally friendly remedies / G.V. Osipchuk, S.V. Povetkin, A.A. Nagdalyan, I.A. Rodin, M.I. Rodin, I.V. Ziruk, A.N. Simonov, E.V. Svetlakova, N.J. Basova, I.V. Rzhepakovsky, D.A. Areshidze // Pharmacophore. - 2019. -            Т. 10. - № 2. - P. 82.

   
   
Title:

THE EXAMINATION OF POULTRY PRODUCTS WHICH WAS OBTAINED USING VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEXES WITH SELENIUM IN GROWING TECHNOLOGY

   
Authors: O.I. Sevostyanova1 – Candidate of Biological Sciences, V.A. Orobets1 - Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, A.V. Serov2 - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, E.A. Sokolova1 - candidate of biological sciences, E.S. Kastarnova1 – postgraduate student
   
Address:

1Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher

 Education “Stavropol State Agrarian University”,

(355017 Stavropol, Zootechnical per. 12, e-mail: sevostyanova19@mail.ru)

 

2Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher

Education "North Caucasian Federal University",

(355017 Stavropol, Pushkin street, 1, е-mail: sav_ncstu@mail.ru)

   
Abstract:

Aggregate-resistant vitamin-mineral complex has been created, based on selenium with a particle size of 20-60 nm with a complex of lipophilic and hydrophilic vitamins. It is used in the technology of growing broiler chickens, like the Cobb-500 cross. It was studied the effect of thise complex on the chemical composition of poultry meat, including in comparison with an analogue preparation. The ability to classify the resulting product as functional, due to enrichment with selenium, has been established. Group 1 was a control. Group 2 broilers consumed a developed aggregate-resistant vitamin-mineral complex with drinking water. Group 3 chickens used the analog drug “Solvimin Selen”. The use of vitamin-mineral complexes based on selenium in the diet of broiler chickens not only does not adversely affect the quality of meat products, but also has a definite positive effect: the minced experimental groups had more protein and less fat. A significant increase in dry protein content from dry matter was in the samples of the femoral muscles of group 2 - 9.84%, of group 3 - 12.70%. A significant decrease in fat content is characteristic of both the pectoral and femoral muscles. The cumulation of selenium in the thigh muscles in groups 2 and 3 exceeded the control parameters by 32% and 40%, respectively, in the liver - by 59% and 55%, in the heart - by 40% and 45%. The resulting poultry products can be classified as functional and, in accordance with GOST R 55577-2013, have the additional marking “with a high content of selenium”.

   
Keywords: poultry, selenium, vitamins, veterinary and sanitary examination, functional products
   
References:

Referencts:

1.    Altavin, A.B. Assimilation of selenium in animals / A.B. Altavin, M.R. Apsite, B.V. Pitran - Riga.: Zinatne. 1990, p. 30-65.

2.    Burdashkina, V. Selenopyran improves the quality of meat / V. Burdashkina // Livestock of Russia. - 2011. - No. 4. - p. 5.

3.    Gorbunova, T.A. The effect of selenium-containing drugs on the growth, development and protein metabolism of broiler chickens in the conditions of cell cultivation // Abstract of Diss .... Cand. biologist. Science. - Moscow, 2019 .- 21 p.

4.    GOST 33980-2016 Interstate Standard “Organic Production. Rules for the production, processing, labeling and sale. ”

5.    GOST R 54059-2010 “Functional food products. Functional food ingredients. Classification and general requirements. "

6.    GOST R 56508-2015 “Organic production. Rules for the production, storage, transportation. "

7.    GOST R 56104-2014 “Organic food products. Terms and Definitions".

8.    GOST R 56508-2015 “Organic production. Rules for the production, storage, transportation. "

9.         GOST R 57022-2016 "Organic production. Procedure for the voluntary certification of organic production."

10.     GOST 7702.2.0-2016 “Products of slaughter of poultry, semi-finished products from poultry meat and objects of the environment. Sampling methods and preparation for microbiological research (as amended). ”

11.     GOST 9959-2015 “Meat and meat products. General conditions for organoleptic assessment (as amended). ”

12.     Dzhambulat Khatuov noted the leading role of poultry farming in ensuring food security of the country [Electronic resource]. 2020. March 25. URL: http://mcx.ru/press-service/news/dzhambulat-khatuov-otmetil-vedushchuyu-rol-ptitsevodstva-v-obespechenii-prodovolstvennoy-bezopasnost/ (accessed: 03/27/2020).

13.     Mikulets Yu.I. Biochemical and physiological aspects of the interaction of vitamins and bioelements / Yu.I. Mikulets, A.R. Tsyganov, A.N. Tishenkov, V.I. Fisinin, I.A. Egorov - M. - 2004 .- 192 p.

14.     Sevostyanova, O.I. Veterinary and sanitary assessment of broiler chicken meat on the background of the application of the developed aggregate-resistant vitamin-mineral complex based on nanoscale selenium / O.I. Sevostyanova // Priority and innovative technologies in animal husbandry - the basis of modernization of the agro-industrial complex of Russia. Collection of scientific articles based on the materials of the International scientific and practical conference of scientists and teachers. - 2019 .-                   p. 375-377.

15.     Sevostyanova, O.I. Nutraceutical value of broiler chickens rations as a basis for high cross productivity / O.I. Sevostyanova, V.A. Orobets, E.S. Kastarnova, A.V. Serov // Bulletin of the agricultural industry of Stavropol. - No. 3 (31). - 2018 .- p. 21.

16.     Topuria, L.Yu. Veterinary-sanitary and hygienic characteristics of broiler chicken meat when using selenium-containing feed additives / L.Yu. Topuria, G.M. Topuria, M.B. Rebezov // Bulletin of the Orenburg State Agrarian University. - 2016. - No. 1. - p. 76.

17.     Federal Law No. 280-ФЗ On Organic Products of August 3, 2018.

18.     Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes Text with EEA relevance (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1569254346630&uri=CELEX:32010L0063).

19.     Downs, K. M. Selenium Source Effect on Broiler Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality and Drip Loss / K. M Downs, J. B. Hess & S. F. Bilgili// Journal of Applied Animal Research. – 2000. - 18(1). – р. 61.

20.     Rajashree, K. Comparative study of the effects of organic selenium on hen performance and productivity of broiler breeders / K. Rajashree, T. Muthukumar & N. Karthikeyan// British Poultry Science. – 2014. - 55(3). – р. 367.

21.     Sevostyanova, O Aggregate-resistant vitamin-mineral complex based on selenium; comparative effectiveness in poultry farming against the technological stress / O. Sevostyanova,                         V. Orobets, A. Agarkov, N. Fedota and I. Klimanovich // Int J Vet Sci. – 2020. - 9(1). – р. 141.

22.     Trukhachev, V.I. Comparative Analysis Efficacy Selenium Containing Vitamin Complexes to Growing Broilers / V.I. Trukhachev, V.A. Orobets, V.S. Skripkin, O.I. Sevostyanova// Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. – 2016. - №7. – р. 2340