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¹ 3, 2018

Ñêà÷àòü íîìåð æóðíàëà â ôîðìàòå .pdf (1,30 ÌÁ)
  VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY WITH TOXICOLOGY
   
Title:

UDC 619:615.916:636.085/.087:549(470.313) EVALUATION OF THE CONTAMINATION LEVEL OF FEED AND WATER FOR ANIMALS IN THE RYAZAN REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

   
Authors: Konyukhova V.A. – Candidate of Biological Sciences; Kadikov I.R. – Doctor of Biological Sciences; Papunidi K.Kh. – Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor.
   
Address:
Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan (e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru).

   
Abstract:
In the territory of the Russian Federation there are a number of regions where a high concentration of population and various kinds of production worsen the ecological situation. Anthropogenic loads in such regions reach a critical value when the resistance of natural complexes is completely exhausted or close to this state. The work presents information about the level of heavy metal contamination of feed and water for animals in the Ryazan region. Heavy metals have a wide toxic effect. Some of them, for example lead, have a pronounced effect on numerous organs whereas others – cadmium – have a more limited area of toxic effect. The peculiarity of metals as contaminants is that, unlike the organic contaminants undergoing decomposition processes, metals are only capable of redistribution. Therefore, it is possible to accumulate them in the soil, water and feed up to considerable levels that can have a negative impact on the health and productivity of animals. To study the quality of feed and water, samples were taken in the livestock farms of LLC “Zarya”, “Rassvet” of the Ryazan district, LLC “Zhito”, “Vakinskoe agro” of the Rybnovsky district. The determination of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper, zinc) was carried out according to GOST 30178-96 (atomic absorption method), arsenic quantity - according to GOST 26930-86 (colorimetric method), mercury concentration - in accordance with GOST 26927-86 (cold vapour method on the analyzer “Juliya-5K”). The heavy metals and arsenic content in most samples of animal and vegetable raw materials is not found to exceed the maximum permissible level. Some samples of feed and water show high content of heavy metals. 

   
Keywords: animal feed, drinking water, contamination, heavy metals.
   
References:
1. Seliverstov, V.V. Kompleksnaya ekologicheski bezopasnaya sistema veterinarnoy zashchity zdorovya zhivotnyh: metodicheskie rekomendatsii [Complex ecologically safe system of veterinary protection of animal health: guidelines ] / V.V.Seliverstov. – Ì., 2000. – 238 ð.
2. SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 Pitewaya voda. Gigienicheckie trebovaniya k kachectvu vody centralizovannych system pitevogo vodocnabzheniya. Kontrol kachectva [SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control.]. – M.: Minzhdrav Rossii, 2002. – 103 ð.
3. VetPiN 13.7.1-1-00. Veterinarnyepravilainormy[VetPiN 13.7.1-1-00. Veterinary rules and regulations]. – M., 2001.
4. SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01. Sanitarnye pravila i normy [SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01. Sanitary rules and regulations]. – M., 2002.
5. Zhulenko, V.N. Veterinarnaya toksigologiya [Veterinary toxicology] / V.N.Zhulenko, G.A.Talanov, M.I.Rabinovich. – M., 2002. – 236 ð.
6. Ekologicheskie i medico-sotsialnye aspekty okhrany prirodnoy sredy I zdorovya naseleniya: monografiya [Ecological and medico-social aspects of protection of the natural environment and public health] / V.G.Makarova, A.R.Tsyganov [et al.]. –Minsk: bit: Chata, 2002. – 50 p.
7. Metodicheskie ukasaniya po opredeleniyu tyazhelykh metallov v pochvakh selskokhozyaystvennykh ugodiy i produktsii rastenievodstva [Methodological guidelines on the determination of heavy metals in soils of agricultural crops and production of crop production]. – M., 1992.
8. MI 2740-2002. Gosudarstvennay sistema obespecheniya edinstva izmereniya. Massovaya dolya obschey rtuti v pischevykh produktakh I prodovolstvennom syrie. Metodika vypolneniya izmereniy atomno-absorbtsionnym metodom [MI 2740-2002. State system for ensuring the unity of measurement. Mass fraction of total mercury in food products and food raw materials. Method for performing measurements by atomic absorption method]. – Kazan, 2002. – 10 p.

   
   
Title:

UDC 636.22/.28.24-002.153:636.087.72(470.55) CORRECTION OF PROTEIN METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH CALF BRONCHOPNEUMONIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF NATURAL-TECHNOGENIC PROVINCE OF THE SOUTHERN URALS

   
Authors: 1Gertman A.M. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor; 1Naumova O.V. – postgraduate; 2Zukhrabova M.Z. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences.
   
Address:
1South Ural State Agrarian University, Troitsk (e-mail: kdiagugavm@inbox.ru).

2Bauman N.E. Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Kazan (e-mail: terapia_kgavm@mail.ru).

   
Abstract:
Bronchopulmonary pathology of growing calves in the conditions of technogenic-contaminated areas is widespread, it causes significant economic damage to agricultural production due to decrease in growth and development of animals, their premature culling, and sometimes mortality, and the applied schemes of treatment in these conditions have a low therapeutic effect. With a marked pathology there is a disturbance of all types of metabolism, but the most pronounced changes are in the protein metabolism indexes. The causes of bronchopneumonia in calves are various, but in the conditions of high technogenic load the leading place belongs to heavy metal salts, which through feed rations regularly enter the body, change the course of all metabolic processes, reduce the factors of nonspecific protection of an organism and involve in the pathological process the central organ of metabolism- the liver, altering its functional state. A constant contamination of the organism with heavy metals leads to damage of hepatocytes of liver, which contributes to the disorder of its protein-synthesis functions, changing the class composition of blood proteins and activity of key enzymes of transamination. The studies found that 32% of examined calves had clinical signs characteristic of pneumonia. Traditional methods of applied treatment of this pathology do not fully provide a high therapeutic effect, which requires immediate development of a method for the treatment of pneumonia in the conditions of technogenesis. Scientifically-developed method of treatment of bronchopneumonia in calves by combined use of mineral enterosorbent vermiculite and chemotherapeutic drug baytril as well as methods of symptomatic therapy allows in a relatively short time to normalize the parameters of protein metabolism, the clinical status of calves with bronchopneumonia, to reduce the toxic loads on basic organs "targets" (liver, kidneys), to stop the inflammatory process.

   
Keywords: technogenic provinces, heavy metals, contamination, enterosorbents, detoxification therapy, chemotherapeutic drugs.
   
References:
1. Akhtyamov, R. Ya. Ekologicheskie aspecty primeneniya vermikulita v selskom khozyaystve [Ecological aspects of the application of vermiculite in agriculture] / R.Ya.Akhtyamov // Ekologicheskie problem selskogo khozyaystva I proizvodstva kachestva produktsii: tez. dokl. Vseros.konf. posvyashch. 20-letiyu Uralskogo filiala VNIIVSGE / VNII veterinarnoy sanitarii, gigieny I ekologii. Ural.Fil [Environmental problems of agriculture and production of quality products: Abstracts of the All-Union conference dedicated 20th anniversary of the Ural branch of VNIIVSGE]. – M., Chelyabinsk, 1999. –P. 16–18.
2. Vernadsky, V.I. Biogeokhimicheskie ocherki [Biogeochemical essays] / V.I.Vernadsky. – M., L.: Nauka, 1956. – 358p .
3. Gertman, A.M. Osobennosti lecheniya bronhopnevmonii telyat v tehnogennoy provintsii Yuzhnogo Urala [Features of treatment of bronchopneumonia in calves in the technogenic province of South Ural] / A.M.Gertman, K.H.Papunidi // Aktualnye problem patologii zhivotnyh: materialy Mezhdunar. Syezda terapevtov, diagnostov [Actual problems of animal pathology: materials of the International congress of physicians, diagnosticians]. – Barnaul, 2005. –P. 43–44.
4. Gertman, A.M. Farmakokorrektsiya obmennykh protsessov v organizme vysokoproduktivnykh korov v usloviyakh Chelyabinskoy oblasti [Pharmacocorrection of metabolic processes in the organism of highly productive cows in the conditions of the Chelyabinsk region] / A.M.Gertman, T.S.Samsonova // Agrarnyvestnik Urala. – 2012. – ¹ 5 (97). – P. 29–31.
5. Metody veterinarnoy klinicheskoy laboratornoy diagnostiki: spravochnik [Methods of veterinary clinical laboratory diagnostics: a reference book] / pod red. I.P.Kondrakhina. – M.: KolosS, 2004. – 520p.: il.
6. Nikulina, N.B. Nespetsificheskaya bronkhopnevmoniya telyat: monografiya [Nonspecific bronchopneumonia of calves: monograph] / N.B.Nikulina, V.M.Aksenova; FGBOUVPO Permskaya GSHA. – Perm, 2012. – 136 p.
7. Papunidi, K. H. Vliyanie immunostimulyatora «Dostim» i «Yantaros plyus» na nespetsificheskuyu rezistentnost telyat, bolnykh bronhopnevmoniey [Influence of the immunostimulant "Obtain" and "Yantarospllyu" on the nonspecific resistance of calves with bronchopneumonia] / K.H.Papunidi, D.M.Muhutdinova // Materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-proizvodstvennoy konferentsii po aktualnym problemam veterinarii I zootekhnii [Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific and production conference on actual problems of veterinary medicine and zootechnics]; Kazanskaya akad. veterinar. meditsiny. – Kazan, 2002. – Chast. 2. –P. 58–59.

   
   
Title:

UDC 636.32/38:591.111.8:57.04:546.815 NATURAL RESISTANCE OF SHEEP IN CHRONIC INTAKE OF LEAD NITRATE WITH FEED

   
Authors: Sarukhanov V.Y. – Candidate of Biological Sciences; Kobyalko V.O. – Candidate of Biological Sciences; Mirzoev E.B. – Doctor of Biological Sciences
   
Address:
Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, RIRAE (e-mail: nar@obninsk.org).

   
Abstract:
In the regions of the Russian Federation there is an increase in the anthropogenic load on environment. One of the most significant components of this process is the contamination of agrobiocenosis with heavy metals and, in particular, with lead. When keeping agricultural animals in areas contaminated with heavy metals, the concentration of cells in the peripheral blood decreases, against the background of increased incidence of young animals, which may be a consequence of disorder of the natural resistance of organism. Reduction in humoral and cellular factors of natural resistance was demonstrated when evaluating the effect of lead on laboratory animals. At the same time, it is of interest studying its chronic effect on natural resistance of farm animals. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of lead on humoral and cellular factors of natural resistance of the sheep organism during chronic intake of metal nitrate with feed in concentrations of 1, 5 and 30 MRL. The experiments were performed on 12 sheep of Romanov breed, divided into 4 groups according to the principle of analogues. Sheep feeding was performed twice a day with free access to water. The animals of the three experimental groups were fed 1, 5 and 30 MRL of lead in the diet (5, 25, 150 mg/kg of feed). Lead nitrate was fed with mixed feed once a day during morning feeding. The fourth group was à control. Blood was taken from the jugular vein of the sheep in the morning, before feeding, before the start of the experiment, and on the 7th, 14th, 28th, 42nd, 56th, 70th, and 90th day of the study. The natural resistance of sheep was assessed by bactericidal, lysozyme, betta-lytic and phagocytic activity of blood plasma. Chronic intake of lead with diet in the organism of sheep in concentrations of 1, 5 and 30 MRL revealed a differently directed nature of changes in humoral and cellular factors of natural resistance. A comparative analysis of the parameters assessed showed a clear reaction of the bactericidal and ?-lytic activity of the blood plasma, as well as the phagocytic number on the entrance of metal in the animals. The most pronounced changes in humoral and cellular factors of natural resistance were noted at the maximum concentration of lead in feed. The obtained results indicate a decrease in the natural resistance of the organism. And besides, the degree of change in humoral and cellular factors of natural resistance depends not only on the concentration of lead in the feed, but also on the duration of its intake into the body. So, in the real conditions of livestock keeping in technologically contaminated areas, the chronic effects of lead compounds may be the cause of an increased incidence of productive animals. The obtained experimental data give grounds for more strict control of lead contents in animals diet.

   
Keywords: sheep, lead nitrate, chronic intake, natural resistance of the organism, bactericidal activity, betta-lytic activity, lysozyme activity, phagocytic number.
   
References:
1. Snakin, V.V. Svinets v biosere [Lead in biosphere] / V.V.Snakin // Vestnik RAN. – 1998. – T.68. – ¹ 3. – P. 214–224.
2. Migratsiya TM v troficheskoj tsepi laktiruyushchikh korov Podmoskovya [Migration of TM in the trophic chain of lactating cows near Moscow] / A.N.Sirotkin [et al.] // Doklady Rosselkhozakademii. – 2000. – ¹ 4. – P. 37– 39.
3. Vreman, K. Transfer of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic from feed into milk and varios tissues of dairy cows: chemical and pathological data / Vreman K., Veen N.G., Molen E.J., Ruig W.G. // Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science. – 1986. – V.34. – P.129– 144.
4. Tekhnicheskiy reglament Tamozhennogo soyuza « O bezopasnosti pishchevoy produktsii» (TR TS 021/2011): utv. Resheniem Komissii Tamozhennogo Soyuza 09.12.2011 [Technikal regulations of the Customs Yunion “On food safety”: approved by the decision of the Ñommission of the Ñustoms Union on 09.12.2011]. – M., 2011. – 242 p.
5. Vremenny maksimalno dopustimy uroven (MDU) soderzhaniya nekotorykh himicheskikh elementov i gossipola v kormakh dlya selskokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh i kormovykh dobavkakh: utverzhden Glavnym upravleniem veterinarii Gosagroproma SSSR ¹123-4/281-87 ot 07.08.87 g.1987 [Temporary maximum permissible level (MPL) of the contents of certain chemical elements and gossypol in feed for farm animals and feed additives: approved by the Chief Veterinary Department of Gosagroprom of the USSR (State Agroindustrial Committee). – ¹123-4/281-87 on 07.08.87]. – M., 1987.
6. Ezhkova, A.M. Izuchenie vozdeystviya antropogennykh zagryazneniy na metabolizm korov i ego korrektsiya bentonitami [Study of the impact of anthropogenic contaminations on metabolism of cows and its correction with bentonites] / A.M.Ezhkova. A.H.Yapparov // Veterinarnaya medicina 21 veka: innovatsii, opyt, problemy i puti resheniya: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. – Tom 2. – [Veterinary Medicine of the 21st Century: innovation, experience, problems and solutions: materials of the Intern. scientific-practical conf. Vol. 2]. – Ulyanovsk, 2011. − P. 70-73.
7. Vliyanie ekologicheskikh  faktorov na organizm zhivotnykh [Influence of environmental factors on the animal organism] / I.M.Donnik [et al.] // Veterinariya. – 2007. – ¹ 6. – P. 38– 42.
8. Tovmasyan, V.S. Vliyanie svintsovogo otravleniya na fagotsitarnuyu aktivnost leykotsitov [Effect of lead poisoning on the phagocytic activity of leukocytes] / V.S.Tovmasyan., M.I. Gevorkyan // Zhurnal klinicheskoy i eksperimentalnoy meditsiny. – 1977. – Vol. 17, ¹2. – P. 42–43. 
9. Tovmasyan, V.S. Vliyanie khronicheskogo svintsovogo otravleniya na antiteloobrazovanie [Effect of Chronic Lead Poisoning on Antibody Formation] / V.S. Tovmasyan // Zhurnal klinicheskoy i eksperimentalnoy meditsiny. – 1977. – Vol.17, ¹ 3. – P. 46–47.
10. Gizatullin, R.R. Vliyanie natriya sulfida na estestvennuyu rezistentnost organizma pri otravlenii zhivotnykh solyami tyazhelykh metallov: avtoref. dis. … candidate biologicheskikh nauk [Influence of sodium sulfide on natural resistance of the organism when poisoning animals with salts of heavy metals: the author’s abstract of the thesis of candidate of biological sciences] / R.R. Gizatullin. – Kazan, 2007. – 16 p.
11. European convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other scientific purpose. Cet ¹:123. Date 18.03.1986. Status as of:15.03.2010.
12. Sarukhanov, V.Ya. Modifikatsiya metoda opredeleniya bakteritsidnoy aktivnosti selskokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh [Modification of the method for determining the bactericidal activity of agricultural animals] / V.Ya.Sarukhanov., N.N.Isamov., E.B.Mirzoev, V.O.Kobyalko // Selskokhozyaystvennaya biologiya. Ser. Biologiya zhivotnykh. – 2007. – ¹ 2. – P. 119–121.
13. Bukharin, O.V. Sistema beta-lizina i ee rol v klinicheskoy i eksperimentalnoy meditsine [Beta-lyzine system and its role in clinical and experimental medicine] / O.V.Bukharin, N.V.Vasilyev. – Tomsk, 1977. – 187 p.
14. Sarukhanov, V.Ya. Metod opredeleniya lizotsimnoy aktivnosti krovi u selskokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh [Method for determining lysozyme activity of blood in farm animals] / V.Ya.Sarukhanov, N.N.Isamov, I.M.Kolganov // Selskokhozyaystvennaya biologiya. Seriya "Biologiya zhivotnykh. – 2012. – ¹ 2. – C. 119–122.
15. Plyaschenko, S.I. Estestvennaya rezistentnost organizma zhivotnykh [Natural resistance of the animal body] / S.I.Plyaschenko, V.T.Sidorov. – L.: Kolos, 1970. – 184 p.
16. Lakin, G.F. Biometriya: ucheb. posobie dlya biol. spetsialnostey vuzov [Biometrics: a textbook for the biological specialties of higher education institutions] / G.F.Lakin. – 4-e izd., pererab. i dop. – M.: Vyssh. shk., 1990. – 352 p.
17. Sarukhanov, V.Ya. Otsenka posledstviy vneshnego y-oblucheniya i ranniy prognoz iskhoda ostroy luchevoy bolezni ovets [Assessment of the effects of external radiation and an early prognosis of the outcome of acute radiation sickness of sheeð] / V.Ya.Sarukhanov, N.N.Isamov, V.G.Epimakhov // Veterinarny vrach. – 2005. – ¹ 1. – P. 29-33.
18. Soderzhanie metallotioneinov i obschego belka v limfotsitakh perifericheskoy krovi ovets pri khronicheskom postuplenii nitrata svintsa s ratsionom [The content of metallothioneins and total protein in lymphocytes of peripheral blood of sheep with chronic intake of lead nitrate with diet] / E.B.Mirzoev [et al.] // Toksikologicheskiy vestnik. – 2014. – ¹ 6 (129). – Ð. 36-39.
19. Sintez DNK v limfotsitakh perifericheskoy krovi ovets pri khronicheskom postuplenii svintsa s ratsionom [Synthesis of DNA in lymphocytes of peripheral blood of sheep with chronic intake of lead with diet] / E.B.Mirzoev [et al.] // Toksikologicheskiy vestnik. - 2015. – ¹ 6. – P. 32–36.

  VETERINARY VIROLOGY, EPIZOOTOLOGY AND ANIMAL THERAPY
   
Title:

UDC 619:615.371 ABOUT WAYS OF INFECTION WITH ANTHRAX

   
Authors: 1Sadykov N.S. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor; 1Mustafina E.N. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences; 1Nizamov R.N. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor; 2Mustafin T.R. – Candidate of Biological Sciences.
   
Address:
1Federal Center for Toxicology, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan (e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru).

2The Company "PromAseptika", Kazan (e-mail: swa862@mail.ru).

   
Abstract:
At the moment, there is no common opinion about the path through which parts of the digestive tract the causative agent of anthrax penetrates into the host's body during alimentary infection. Considering the contradictory nature of the available literature data and in accordance with the assignment, we conducted studies on the evaluation of various methods of infection and the development of the most effective technology for experimental infection of cattle, which could be used in veterinary practice to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive means of anthrax. To solve this problem, 3 series of experiments were conducted on a 7-8-month-old youngster of cattle that was not immunized against anthrax. Thus, as a result of the studies, a method for infecting cattle with a 100% lethal outcome has been developed. The developed method of infection opens up wide opportunities for studying immunogenesis in anthrax, duration of immunity, determination of optimal vaccinedoses used for the prevention of this disease and, thereby, will improve the means of immunization of anthrax of cattle.

   
Keywords: Bacillus Anthracis, alimentary infection, mortality, digestive tract, infection gates.
   
References:
1. Shlyakhov, E.N. Sibirskaya yazva (ocherki epidemiologicheskoy, laboratornoy diagnostiki i profilaktiki) [Anthrax (essays of epidemiological, laboratory diagnostics and prevention)] / E.N.Shlyakhov, E.V.Load, V.I.Prisakar. – Kishinev, 1975. – 162 p.
2. Shuvalova, E.P. Infektsionnye bolezni  [Infectious diseases] / Å.Ï. Shuvalova. – 2-d edition. – M.: Meditsina, 1982. - 556 p.
3. Sibirskaya yazva [Anthrax] / P.N.Burgasov, B.L.Cherkassky, L.M.Marchuk [et al.]. – M., 1970. – 127 p.
4. Korotich, A.S. Sibirskaya yazva [ Anthrax] / A.S.Korotich, L.I.Pogrebnyak. – Kiev: Urozhay, 1976. – 159 p.
5. Cherkassky, B.L. Sibirskaya yazva – rukovodstvo po zoonozam [Anthrax - a guide to zoonoses] / B.L. Cherkassky, P.N. Bourgas; edited by V.I.Pokrovsky. – M.: Meditsina, 1983. – P. 207-217.
6. Vasilevich, A.I. Sluchay sibiriyazvennoy septitsemii u sviney [The case of siberium septicemia in pigs] / A.I.Vasilevich // Veterinariya. – 1946. – ¹ 2-3. – P.45.
7. Derizhanov, S.M. Patologicheskaya anatomiya i patogenez kishechnoy formy sibirskoy yazvy [Pathological anatomy and pathogenesis of the intestinal form of anthrax] / S.M.Derizhanov . – Smolensk, 1935. – 62 p.
8. Hruska, K. Infektion, vakzination and immunitat beim sogenanten interlichen Milzbrand / K. Hruska // sbl. Bakt. J. Abt. Orig. – 1927. – ¹. 102. – P.174.
9. Zhukov, M.D. Vozmozhnost spontannogo zarazheniya belykh myshey sibirskoy yazvoy [Possibility of spontaneous infection of white mice with anthrax] / M.D. Zhukov // Trudy Voenno-veterinarnoy akademii. T.1 [Proceedings of Military Veterinary academy of Red Army. – T.1]. – M., 1939. – P. 351-358.
10. Bykov, K.M. Uchebnik fiziologii [Textbook of Physiology] / Ê.Ì.Bykov, G.B.Vladimirov, V.E.Delov [et al.]. – M.: Medgiz, 1954. – 892 p.
11. Lavrov, L.V. O septicheskoy forme sibirskoy yazvy [On the septic form of anthrax] / L.V.Lavrov, G.V. Pokrovsky // Trudy Gorkovskogo meditsinskogo instituta [Proceedings of Gorky Medical Institute. - T.18]. – Gorky, 1964 – P.154-157.
13. Solovyev, N.S. Patologicheskaya anatomiya kishechnoy formy sibirskoy yazvy u cheloveka – po dannym Yaroslavskoy epidemii [Pathological anatomy of the intestinal form of anthrax in humans - according to the Yaroslavl epidemic] / N.S.Solov'ev // Proceedings of the 1-st All-Union congress of pathologists. – Kiev: Scientific Thought, 1929. – P. 218-224.
14. Golkovsky, M.D. Sibirskaya yazva u cheloveka [Anthrax in man] / M.D.Golkovsky // Health of Belarus. – 1970. – ¹2. – P.87.

   
   
Title:

UDC 619:615.371:616.98:578.833.3:636.053 INFLUENCE OF SPECIFIC IMMUNIZATION AGAINST BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA ON THE CONSERVATION IN CALVES

   
Authors: Poryvaeva A.P. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences; Vyalykh I.V. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences; Pechura E.V. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences; Tomskikh O.G. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences; Nurmyeva V.R. – Senior Research Officer.
   
Address:
Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg (e-mail: info@urnivi.ru).

   
Abstract:
The most important condition for the normalization of the epizootic situation for bovine viral diarrhea and the reduction of economic losses from this infection is the implementation of the complex program for the control of this infection, including specific vaccine prevention. The aim of the study was to research the effect of the vaccination of reproductive herd with inactivated monovalent vaccine Bovilis BVDV (MSD Animal Health, Netherlands) on the conservation in calves. Cows before insemination were vaccinated with Bovilis BVDV. The level of specific postvaccination antibodies to BVDV in cows in 1 month before delivery was 6.1 ± 1.9 log2.In non-colostrum calves born from them, the titer of specific antibodies in the blood serum was at the level of 2.0 ± 0.7 log2, and after drinking of the colostrum – 6.4 ± 1.7 log2.Passive specific immunity to bovine viral diarrhea virus in calves persisted for 30 days. Before the injection of routine vaccination of cows before insemination with vaccine Bovilis BVDV culling out of calves due to factor infections in the model farm was 15.6%. When implementing the program of active vaccination of the reproductive herd against bovine viral diarrhea virus, during the period of 5 years, the level of embryonic loss decreased by 20%, the rate of calf rejection due to factor infections was 4 times. Vaccination of the reproductive herd before insemination with inactivated monovalent vaccine Bovilis BVDV provides a high level of passive immunity against bovine viral diarrhea virus in newborn calves, reduces the risk of infection of calves and the development of acute forms of the disease during the physiological formation of calves.

   
Keywords: bovine viral diarrhea, reproductive herd, calves, vaccination, postvaccinal immunity.
   
References:
1. Vaktsiny i vaktsinatsiya: natsionalnoe rukovodstvo [Vaccines and vaccinations: national guidelines] / pod. obsch. red. V.V.Zvereva., B.F.Semenova., R.M.Haitova. – M.: Geotar-Media, 2011. – 880 p.
2. Glotov, A.G. Virusnaya diareya: znachenie v patologii vosproizvodstva krupnogo rogatogo skota [Bovine viral diarrhea: significance in the pathology of reproduction in cattle] / A.G.Glotov, T.I.Glotova // Veterinariya. – 2015. – ¹ 4. –P. 3–8.
3. Sergeev, O.V. Immunobiologicheskie i patogeneticheskie osobennosti virusnoy diarei [Immunobiological and pathogenetic features of bovine viral diarrhea] / O.V.Sergeev // Veterinariya Kubani. – 2009. – ¹ 5. – P. 23–26.
4. Tatochenko, V.K. Immunoprofilaktika-2011: spravochnik [Immunization-2011: reference book] / V.K.Tatochenko, N.L.Ozeretskiy. – M.: Izd-vo “Soyuz pediatrov Rossii, 2011. – 198 p.
5. Primenenie inaktivirovannoy vaktsiny «Hiprobovis-4» dlya profilaktiki ORVI v hozyaystvah Sverdlovskoy oblasti [The use of inactivated vaccine Hiprobovis-4 for the prevention of BVD in the farms of the Sverdlovsk Region] / E.N.Shilova / [et al.] // Veterinariya. – 2014. – ¹ 11. –P. 15–17.
6. Shkuratova, I.A. Veterinarno-sanitarnye aspekty profilaktiki bolezney molodnyaka krupnogo rogatogo skota v sovremennyh promyshlennyh kompleksah [Veterinary and sanitary aspects of prevention of diseases in calves in modern industrial livestock complexes] / I.A.Shkuratova, E.N.Shilova, O.V.Sokolova // Rossiyskiy zhurnal Problemy veterinarnoy sanitarii, gigieny i ekologii. – 2015. – ¹ 3 (15). – P. 60–63.
7. Control of bovine viral diarrhea virus in ruminants / P.H.Walz [et al.] // J. Vet. Intern. Med. – 2010. – ¹ 24. – P. 476–486.
8. Evaluation of vaccination program by commercial polyvalent vaccines for bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis based on neutralizing antibody response / A.Ito [et al.] // J.Japan Veter. Med. Assn. – 2008. – Vol. 61, ¹ 1. – P. 39–42.
9. Givens, M.D. Perspective on BVDV control programs / M.D.Givens, B.W.Newcomer // Animal Health Research Reviews. – 2015. – 16 (1). – P. 78–82.
10. Ryaposova, M.V. Bovine viral diarrhea of cattles in the Ural region / M.V.Ryaposova, E.N.Shilova // Reproduction in Domestic Animals. – 2014. –¹ 3 (49). – P. 92.

   
   
Title:

UDC 619:616.98:578.821.2:636.22/.28(470.661) DYNAMICS OF THE NODULAR DERMATITIS EPIZOOTIC PROCESS IN CATTLE IN THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC IN 2015-2016

   
Authors: 1Vatsayev S. V. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences; 2Chernykh O.Yu. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor; 3Chernov A.N. – Doctor of Biological Sciences; 4Lysenko A.A. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor.
   
Address:
1Chechen State University, Grozny (e-mail: Chgu@mail.ru).

2Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Kropotkin (e-mail: gukkvl50@kubanvet.ru).

3Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan (e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru).

4Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar.
   
Abstract:
The article is dedicated to the problem of nodular dermatitis of cattle – a disease caused by the Neethling virus from the genus Capripox of the Poxviridae family. The disease tends to spread widely, resulting in a threat to the economy and food security of not only one region, but also of the country as a whole. Nodular dermatitis in cattle in the Chechen Republic is established to be widespread and cause significant economic damage to livestock. Conducting a complex of studies is due to the need of ensuring veterinary well-being for this disease and developing a scientifically grounded system of therapeutic and prophylactic measures for improving the territory of the Chechen Republic from nodular dermatitis of cattle. These studies are based on analysis of the epizootic situation of nodular dermatitis in the Chechen Republic for the period of 2015-2016.

   
Keywords: nodular dermatitis, spread, environment, extensity, focality index, contagious index, mortality.
   
References:
1. Nodulyarny dermatit [Lumpy skin disease] / A.Ya.Samuylenko, B.V.Solovyeva, E.A.Nepoklonova, E.S.Voronina // Infektsionnaya patologiya zhivotnykh. Vol. 1 [Animal infectious pathology]. – M.: IKTS “Akademkniga”, 2006. – P. 782–786.
2. Spisok MEB i transgranichnye infektsii zhivotnykh: monografiya [Meb list and cross-border infections of animal: monograph] / V.V.Makarov, V.A.Gruby, K.N.Gruzdev, O.I.Sukharev. – Vladimir: FGBI “ARRIAH” 2012. – P. 76–79.
3. Scientific opinion on lumpy skin disease // EFSA journal. – 2015. – ¹ 13 (1). – 3986. – 73 ð.
4. Tuppurainen, E.S.M. Lumpy Skin Disease: An Emerging Threat to Europe, the Middle East and Asia / E.S.M.Tuppurainen, C.A.L.Oura // Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. – 2011. – ¹ 59. – Ð. 40–48.
5. Konakova, A.S. Ekologo-faunisticheskaya kharakteristika gelmintozov loshaka i mula na Tsentralnom Kavkaze i mery borby s gelmintozami: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol.nauk [Ekologikal and faunative characteristics of horse and mule helminthosis in the Central Caucasus and measures to control helminthosis] / A.S.Konakova. – M., 2003. – 189 p.
6. Priroda Checheno-Ingushskoy Respubliki, ee okhrana i ratsionalnoe ispolzovanie [Nature of Checheno-Ingush Republik, its conservation and effective use] / V.V.Ryzhykov [et al.]. – Grozny: Checheno-Ingushskoe knizhnoe izd-vo, 1991. – 160 p.

   
   
Title:

UDC 619:616.98:578.822.11 CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATION OF CHLAMYDIAL ABORTION IN GOATS

   
Authors: Khusainov F.M. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences; Evstifeev V.V. – Doctor of Biological Science; Khusainova G.I. – Candidate of Biological Sciences; Khamidullina R.Z. – Research Assistant; Fazulzyanov I.R. – Candidate of Biological Sciences; Yakovlev S.I. – postgraduate.
   
Address:
Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan (e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru).

   
Abstract:
The article presents epizootological data on disease of goats caused by Chlamydia. The clinical symptoms of goat chlamydiosis accompanied by abortions, stillbirth and birth of kids-hypotrophs are described. Abortioned fetuses and stillborn kids were of 4-5-month age and had hypotrophy signs: the body weight below the standard level, absence of hair cover in areas of head and limbs. The newborn kids were observed clinical symptoms manifestation on the 5-6th day after birth. The disease manifested itself in the form of bronchopneumonia, conjunctivitis, arthritis of wrist or ankle joints. When laboratory studying serum samples for chlamydia in the complement fixation reaction with a specific chlamydial antigen, 23% of the examined animals responded. The highest percentage of chlamydia infection was detected in rams-producers - 40% and newborn kids - 20%. In microscopy of impression smears from pathological materials of abortioned fetuses and stillborn kids, Chlamydia were detected in 75 % of cases. The microscopy studies were confirmed by the isolation of the causative agent of Chlamydia from pathological materials (abortioned fetuses, kids-hypotrophs) by serial passages in developing chicken embryos in 50% of the studied samples.

   
Keywords: chlamydiosis, goats, abortions, antibodies.
   
References:
1. Dzhupina, S.I. Metody epizootologicheskikh issledovaniy [Methods of epidemiological investigations] / S.I.Dzhupina, A.A.Kolosov. – Novosibirsk: Nauka. Sibirskoe otdelenie, 1991. – 56 p.
2. Kovalev, V.L. Enzooticheskiy abort koz [Enzootic abortion of goats] / V.L.Kovalev // Materialy nauch. konf. Tadzhikskogo NIVI [Materials of the scientific conference of the Tajik Veterinarian Research Institute]. – Dushanbe, 1971. – P. 7–9.
3. Khamadeev, R.H. Khlamidioz krupnogo rogatogo skota [Chlamydiosis of cattle] / R.H.Khamadeev, F.M.Khusainov, A.Z.Ravilov // Veterinariya. – 1990. –¹ 2. – P. 42–45.
4. Profilaktika i lechenie khlamidioza krupnogo rogatogo skota [Prevention and treatment of chlamydiosis of cattle and pigs] / F.M.Khusainov, V.V.Evstifeev [et al] // Veterinarny vrach. – 2000. –¹ 4. – P. 14–16.
5. Khusainov, F.M. Rasprostranennost khlamidioza rogatogo skota v regione Srednego Povolzhya, Preduralya i spetsificheskaya profilaktika [The prevalence of chlamydiosis of cattle in the Middle Volga region, the Urals and specific prevention] / F.M.Khusainov, A.N.Chernov, V.V.Evstifeev // Veterinarny vrach. – 2011. – ¹ 3. – P. 6.
6. Evstifeev, V.V. Razrabotka i usovershenstvovanie biologicheskikh preparatov dlya diagnostiki i spetsificheskoy profilaktiki khlamidioza zhivotnykh: avtoref. dis … d-ra biol. nauk [Development and improvement of biological preparations for diagnostics and specific prevention of chlamydiosis of animals: the author’s abstract of the thesis of doctor biol. sciences] V.V.Evstifeev. – Kazan, 2015. – 46 p.

   
   
Title:

UDC 619:616.993.192.1 BABESIOSIS OF CARNIVOROUS ANIMALS IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF RUSSIA AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OFA DRUG "DIPROCARB"

   
Authors: Belomitceva E.S. – postgraduate; Safiullin R.T. – Doctor of Veterinary Science, professor.
   
Address:
K.I.Skryabin All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants (e-mail: secretar@vniigis.ru).

   
Abstract:
The article presents data about high invasiveness of ticks Dermacentor that transmit babesiosis and erlichiosis of carnivores, extensinvasion was 76%. In total, 873 live ticks were collected: 414 from vegetation and 459 from dogs. The absolute majority in the ixodofauna of the Moscow Region is made up of ticks Dermacentor reticulates and Rhipicephalus sanguineus, but in recent years the foundlings of Taiga Ixodes persulcatus in the Moscow region have become more frequent. To confirm the diagnosis of babesiosis the microscopy of blood smears, staining according to Romanovsky-Giemsa were used as well as by serum testing by ELISA and PCR method. The most invasion of babesiosis was noted in dogs of 1 till 6 ages and older than EI – 28.9-29.7%.In dogs of hunting breeds the EI was 25.9%, in service dogs – 44.9%, and in decorative – 29.2%. We used the drug Diprokarb at a dose of 6 mg/kg of body weight once subcutaneously which showed 100% efficiency during spontaneous babesiosis of dogs of various breeds. After the injection, the drug is quickly absorbed into the blood and is held at the pyroplasmostatic level for 4-6 weeks. Imidocarb is accumulated mainly in the kidneys and liver; is excreted from the body mainly with urine. During the treatment of babesiosis patients, symptomatic therapy was also used. With the preventive purpose, Diprocarb was used in clinically healthy hunting dogs at a dose of 0.25 ml per 10 kg of animal weight, because of non-effectiveness of other protective measures like a collar and drops at the time of hunting.

   
Keywords: carnivores, ixodid ticks, babesiosis, infection, drugs for treating, Diprocarb, efficiency.
   
References:
1. Parasitologiya i invazionnye bolezni zhivotnyh [Parasitology and Invasive Animal Diseases] / M.Sh.Akbaev [et al.]. – M.: Kolos, 1998. – 743 p.
2. Balashov, Yu.S. Iksodovye kleschi-parazity i perenoschiki infektsii [Ixodid mite - parasites and vectors of infections] / Yu.S.Balashov // SPb.: Nauka, 1998. – 61 p.
3. Belomytseva, E.S. Deystvuyuschie veschestva, vhodyaschie v sostav sovremennyh preparatov protiv krovoparazitarnyh invaziy, perenosimyh iksodovymi kleschami [Active substances that are part of the modern preparations against blood-parasitic infestations, carried by ixodid mites] / E.S.Belomytseva, R.T.Safiullin // Veterinariya. – 2017. – ¹ 1. – P. 35–37.
4. Katalog veterinarnyh preparatov kompanii "Invesa" [Catalogy of veterinary preparations of the company "Invesa"]. – M., 2012. – 96 p.
5. Arahnoentomozy selskohozyaistvennyh zhivotnyh: uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov [Arachnoentomosis of farm animals: textbook for high schools] / E.B.Kerbabaev, F.I.Vasilevich, Ò.S.Kataeva, M.V.Rozovenko. – M.: MGAVMiB named by K.I.Skryabin, 2000. – 136 p.
6. Kirk, R. Sovremenny kurs veterinarnoi meditsiny Kirka [Modern Course of Veterinary Medicine of Kirk] / R.Kirk, D.Bonagura; translated from English. – Ì.: Akvarium, 2005. – 1376 p.
7. Konyaev, S.V. Babezioz / S.V.Konyaev // Mir veterinarov. – http://www.veterinars.com/parazitologiya/babezioz-sobak.html.
8. Lebedeva, V.L. Piroplazmoz sobak [Pyroplasmosis of dogs] / V.L.Lebedeva // Doklady. Vsesoyuznogo. kongressa protozoologov. [Reports of the All-Union congress]. – Vitebsk, 1992. – ¹ 4. – P. 85.
9. Plokhinskiy, N.A. Matematicheskie metody v biologii: uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie dlya studentov biologicheskikh fakultetov universitetov [Matematic methods in biology: educational and metodical manual for students of biological faculties of universities] / N.A.Plokhinskiy. - M.: Moscow State University, 1978. - 265 p.
10. Safiullin, R.T. Kompleksnaya programma po ozdorovleniyu zhivotnyh ot parazitarnyh bolezney [Integrated program for the recovery of animals from parazitic diseases] / R.T.Safiullin, A.V.Semenychev // Veterinariya. – 2012. – ¹ 10. – P. 9–12.
11. Effectivnoe sredstvo pri krovoparazitarnykh boleznyakh zhivotnykh – Diprokarb [Effective remedy against blood-parasitic diseases of animals - Diprocarb] / R.T.Safiullin [et al.] // Teoriya I praktika borby s parazitarnymi boleznyami: materialy dokladov nauch. konf. Vyp. 16 [Theory and practice of the control against parasitic diseases: materials of the reports of the scientific conference. Issue 16]. – M., 2015. – P. 401–404.

   
   
Title:

UDC 619:616.995.1:636.1 STUDY OF DISTRIBUTION OF INTESTINAL NEMATODES OF HORSES IN THE FARMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

   
Authors: 1Witkowska T.R. – Candidate of Biological Sciences; 1Latypov D.G. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences; 2Gaysina L.A. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences.
   
Address:
1Bauman N.E. Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Kazan (e-mail: gtr110285@rambler.ru).
 
2Kazan Cooperative Institute, Kazan (e-mail: ya40360@mail.ru).

   
Abstract:
The aim of the research was to study intestinal nematodes in horses in the farms of the Republic of Tatarstan. In a helminthovoscopic study of 154 horses aged 3 months to 8 years it was found widespread distribution of intestinal nematodes among animalsin the farms of Agro-5 and Miras Ltd. The invasive extensiveness by nematodes of the gastrointestinal tract of horses was 79.2% on the average. The horses from "Agro-5" (93.3%) were most heavily invaded, since in this farm there was no deworming of animals for 2 years. In Miras LLC, the EI was 77%, and the same drug was used for deworming for a long time in this farm and as a result resistant isolates of parasites appeared. Monoinvasions in farms are predominant in horses and make up 48.3%, and mixinvases – 15.6%. Of the monoinvasions, the nematodes of the suborder Strongylata were prevalent, and besides the extensinvasion in Miras LLC was 49.3%, and in Agro-5 – 33.3%. The damage of horses with nematodes Parascaris eguorum was somewhat lower and ranged from 12.9 to 13.3%. The smallest invasive index was found in nematodes Oxyurisequi, which was registered only in 5 (3.6%) horses in the farm of Miras LLC and 1 (6.7%) of the animal from Agro-5. The intensity of nematode infestation for strongylatosis invasion on average was 63.5 ± 10.7, parasaskarous-16.9 ± 3.5, and oxyurotic– 5.5 ± 2.9 eggs / g. The mixinvases are -15.6%, they were represented by Strongylata + Parascaris eguorum eggs – 18.8% and Strongylata + Oxyurisequi eggs – 0.65%. Thus, in the farms we surveyed, the horses from "Agro-5" were most severely invaded, and the monoinvasions represented by the nematodes of the suborder Strongylata predominate in animals.

   
Keywords: horses, nematodes, parascaridosis, oxyurosis, intestinal strongylatosis, monoinvasion, polyinvasion, invasive extensiveness, invasive intensity.
   
References:
1. Ivashkin, V.M. Opredelitel gelmintov loshadey [Keys to helminths of horses] V.M.Ivashkin, G.M.Dvoynos. – Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1984. – 164 p.
2. Kanokova, A.S. Gelminty loshadey i ih sorodichey v Kabardino-Balkarskoy Respublike [Helminths of horses and their relatives in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic] / A.S.Kanokova // Bul. WIGIS. – 2003. – Issue 53. – P. 213–217.
3. Klenova, I.F. Gelmintozy loshadey i mery borby s nimi [Helminthosis of horses and measures to control them] / I.F.Klenova, V.V.Gorokhov, L.A.Bundina // Veterinariya. – 2001. – ¹ 10. – P. 26–29.
4. Rasprostranenie gelmintozov u loshadey tabunnogo soderzhaniya v Respublike Sakha (Yakutia) [Distribution of helminthosis in horses of herd maintenance in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)] / L.M.Kokolova, L.Yu.Gavrileva, Z.K.Ivanova [et al.] // Rossiysky parazitologichesky zhurnal. – 2014. – ¹ 3. – P. 30–33.
5. Kotelnikov, G.A. Diagnostika gelmintozov zhivotnyh [Diagnostics of helminthosis of animals] / G.A.Kotelnikov. – M.: Kolos, 1974. – 240 ð.
6. Sidorkin, V.A. lechenie parazitozov loshadey Ivermekom [The treatment of parasitosis of horses by Ivermek] / V.A.Sidorkin, G.A.Suleymanov // Rossiysky parazitologichesky zhurnal. – 2010. – ¹. 3. – P. 98–101.
7. Yakubovsky, M.V. Nematodozy loshadey Belorussii [Nematodosis of horses in Belarus] / M.V.Yakubovsky, V.I.Dlubakovsky // Veterinariya. – 2005. – ¹ 1. – P. 35–37.
8. Proudman, C.J. Control intestinal parasites in horses / C.J.Proudman, J.B.Matthews // In practice. – 2000. – Vol. 22, ¹ 1. – P. 90–97.

   
   
Title:

UDC 636.5:619:616.98:578.831 TREATMENT OF BIRDS WITH ASSOCIATIVE RESPIRATORY INFECTION

   
Authors: Lysko S.B. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences; Zadorozhnaya M.V. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences; Gofman A.A. – Research Officer; Krasikov A.P. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor.
   
Address:
Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Farming – Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center" (å-mail: vet@sibniip).

   
Abstract:
Particular attention deserves infectious diseases associated with the damage of the respiratory tract, in which there is a rapid spread of pathogens to a significant number of birdsby means of airborne transmission, regardless of the keeping system. Respiratory infections often occur in an associated form, which makes diagnosis difficult and reduces the effectiveness of treatment. According to the results of the experiment, the most effective scheme for the treatment of broiler chickens in association with respiratory infections was tested in production conditions with use of propolis tincture (100 g propolis is infused in 80% alcohol, the obtained solution is adjusted to 1000 ml with water). The studies were carried out in the department of veterinary medicine of SibNIIP(Siberian Poultry Farming Research Institute) and in poultry farm of the Omsk region on 22-day-old chickens-broilers of cross "Ross-308" with clinical signs of respiratory infection confirmed by bacteriological examination. The new treatment includes the use of propolis tincture in a dose of 1 ml / 1 l of water in combination with a broadspectrum antibiotic by the method of watering for five days in combination with aerosol propolis (dilution 1:20 1 l / 100 m3 room, exposure 60 min.) for three days. In the control group the same antibioticwas used, and the disinfectant was aerosolized used. The application of the developed scheme for the treatment of broiler chickens in associated respiratory infection, when compared with the control, reduces the number of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora, restores physiological processes and metabolism, increases natural resistance, reduces the negative influence of antibiotics on the birds and speeds up their recovery. This contributes to the increase of safety, the average daily gain of live weight with a decrease in feed costs per 1 kg of increment and an increase in the economic efficiency of veterinary measures per one ruble of costs.

   
Keywords: propolis tincture, chicken-broilers, àssociations, respiratory infection, therapy, antibiotic.
   
References:
1. Bessarabov, B.F. Laboratornaya diagnostika klinicheskogo i immunobiologicheskogo statusa u selskokhozyaystvennoy ptitsy [Laboratory diagnostics of clinical and immunobiological status in agricultural poultry] / B.F.Bessarabov, S.A.Alekseeva, L.V.Kletikova. – M.: Kolos, 2008. – 152 p.
2. Gofman, A.A. Bakteritsidnaya aktivnost propolisa na vozbuditeley respiratornyh infektsiy ptits [Bactericidal activity of propolis on pathogens of respiratory infections of birds] / A.A.Gofman, S.B.Lysko, A.P.Krasikov // Sovremennye tendentsii nauchnogo obespecheniya v razvitii PAK: fundamentalnye i prikladnye issledovaniya: materialy nauch.-prakt. konf. [Current trends in scientific provision in the development of the PAK: fundamental and applied research: materials of the scientific-practical conference]. – Omsk, 2016. – P. 251–254.
3. Monitoring zaraznyh bolezney ptits v Omskoy oblasti [Monitoring of contagious bird diseases in the Omsk region] / A.A.Gofman, A.V.Portyanko, S.B.Lysko, A.P.Krasikov // Ptitsevodstvo. – 2017. – ¹ 9. – P. 34–38.
4. Gosmanov, R.G. Praktikum po veterinarnoy mikrobiologii i immunologii: ucheb. Posobie [Workshop on veterinary microbiology and immunology: textbook / R.G.Gosmanov, N.M.Kolychev, A.A.Barskov. – Omsk: Izdatelsky Dom “Leo”, 2008. – 312 p.
5. Profilaktika respiratornykh infektsiy ptits v inkubatore [Prevention of respiratory infections of birds in an incubator] / A.A.Gofman, A.V.Portyanko, S.B.Lysko, A.P.Krasikov // Ptitsevodstvo. – 2017. – ¹ 6. – P. 31–36.
6. Laboratornye issledovaniya v veterinarii. Bakterialnye infektsii [Laboratory research in veterinary medicine. Bacterial infections] / edited by B.I. Antonov. – M.: Agropromizdat, 1986. – 352 p.
7. Lysko, S.B. Skhemy profilaktiki i lecheniya respiratornogo i assotsiativnogo mikoplazmoza ptits: dis. … kand. vet. nauk [Schemes of prevention and treatment of respiratory and associative mycoplasmosis of birds: dis. … cand. vet. sciences] / S.B.Lysko. – Omsk, 2005. – 130 sh.
8. Monitoring epizooticheskoy obstanovki po infektsionnym boleznyam ptits v Zapadno-Sibirskom regione i Altayskom krae [Monitoring of the epizootic situation of infectious diseases of birds in the West Siberian and the Altai regions] / A.P.Krasikov [et al.] // Rol veterinarnogo obrazovaniya v podgotovke spetsialistov agropromyshlennogo kompleksa: sb. nauch. tr. Fakulteta Veterinarnoy Meditsiny Omskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [The role of veterinary education in the training of specialists in the agro-industrial complex: collection of proceedings of the Omsk State Agrarian University Veterinary Medicine Faculty]. – Omsk, 2003. – P. 163–171.

 
   
Title:

UDC 619:618.19-002:636.3 THE ETIOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED MASTIT IN THE EWES

   
Authors: Aliyev A.Yu. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences.
   
Address:
Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute, Makhachkala (e-mail: pznivi@bk.ru).

   
Abstract:
The work was carried out in the PC "Remontniki" of the Gergebilsky district of Dagestan Republic on the ewes of the Dagestan rock breed, at the age from 3 to 5 years. The aim of the work was to study the role of Staphylococcus aureus in the occurrence, course and development of mastitis in ewes after experimental infection. The daily culture was administered to ewes intracisternally, in amount of 3 billion microbial cells in the right lobe, and the left one served as control. Studies have established that when intracisternal infecting lactating ewes with a live daily culture of staphylococcus aureus, two ewes fell within 24 hours after infecting. One ewe up to 12 hours had a subclinical form of an inflammation which ended in complete recovery and restoration of function of the mammary gland. In 9 experimental ewes inflammation of the udder began to develop as subclinical, in 7 animals the disease became a clinical form, in 7 animals it was complicated by gangrene and atrophy of the infected fraction. In a bacteriological study of the mammary gland secretion, uterine mucus of diseased ewes during experimental infection, as well as from the contents of the mammary gland, uterus, liver and kidneys from the fallen ewes, a microflora was isolated identicalto that taken before infection. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that the mammary gland of agricultural animals, although it has its own autonomy, mastitis is a disease of the whole organism, the main etiological factor of which is the microorganism, its virulence and pathogenicity.

   
Keywords: ewes, mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, experimental infection.
   
References:
1. Aliev, A.I. Gangrenozny mastit ovets v Dagestane I mery borby s nim [Gangrenous mastitis of sheep in Dagestan and measures i control it] / A.I.Aliev // Sborniknauch. tr. Azerbaidzhanskogo selskokhozyaystvennogo instituta. Tom 2 [Ñollection of scientific papers of Azerbaijan agricultural institute. Vol.2]. - Makhachkala, 1968. - P. 28-32.
2. Aliev, A.Yu. Formy proyavleniya mastita u ovets [Forms of mastitis in sheep] / A.Yu.Aliev // Nauchnoe I kadrovoe obespechenie innovatsionnogo razvitiya agropromyshlennogo kompleksa: materialy Mezhdunar. Nauch.konf. [Scientific and personnel support of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex: materials of the international scientific conference] – Kazan, 2013. – P. 43–46. – (Uchenye zapiski Kazanskoy gosudarstvennoy akademii veterinarnoy meditsiny im. N.E.Baumana. Tom 214).
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Title:

UDC 636.2.053:615.272.6:612.017.1 PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL INDEXES OF NEWBORN CALVES BLOOD AFTER INJECTION SYNOESTROLUM-2% AND RONCOLEUKIN TO COWS

   
Authors: 1Velikanov V.I. - Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor; 1Klyapnev A.V. - postgraduate; 2Kharitonov L.V. - Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor; 1Terentiev S.S. - postgraduate; 1Gorina A.V. - postgraduate.
   
Address:

1N.Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, N.Novgorod (e-mail: anatomifarmitox@mail.ru).

2All-Russian Institute of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Institute township, the branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution L.K.Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Borovsk (e-mail: vniifbib@mail.ru).

   
Abstract:
The article presents the results of studies of the physiological, biochemical and morphological indexes of newborn calves blood after injection «Sinoestrolum-2%» in a dose of 0,8 ml on animal once subcutaneously into the scapula area, then «Roncoleukin» in a dose of 0,8 ml 400000 ME on animal once subcutaneously into the neck area to down-calving cows 3-6 days before calving. Use of the drugs positively affected the health of calves. Besides, the biochemical and morphological composition of the newborn calves blood improved to the next day after born: the level of total protein increased by 18.5% (P<0.05) compared to the control group of calves, albumin –by 39.4% (P<0.05), alpha-globulin –by 13.6% (P<0.05), gamma-globulin – by 35.4% (P<0.05), leukocyte number increased by 9.7% (P<0.05). Ten days after birth, the contents of albumin, alpha- and gamma- globulin decreased in calves of the control and experimental groups, but it was reliably higher in calves of the experimental group. The number of leukocytes was higher in calves of the experimental group, and the contents of individual types of leukocytes remained similar to the control ones, after 10 days the contents of leukocytes in calves of the test group was higher mainly due to lymphocytes.

   
Keywords: «Synoestrolum-2%», «Ronkoleukin», colostrum, newborn calves, down-calving cows, immunoglobulins.
   
References:
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Title:

UDC 619:614.48.6:579.873.21 INDUSTRIAL TESTINGS OF IMPORT-SUBSTITUTING DISINFECTANT REKODEZ IN STOCK BREEDING COMPLEXES

   
Authors: Khisamutdinov A.G. – Head of the General Department of Veterinary Science of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tatarstan.
   
Address:
General Department of Veterinary Science of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan (e-mail: guv@tatar.ru).

   
Abstract:
Veterinary sanitary is one of the most important branches of Veterinary Science. It develops and implements in practice of husbandry the activities focused on prevention and treatment of animal diseases, human health protection from infectious agents and invasions, which are common in humans and animals and supporting the realization of high quality sanitary livestock products and feeds. Scientific data and practical experience show that the activities on destruction of microorganisms – disinfection, desinsection, sterilization are the most significant and reliable methods of preventing animal diseases. And besides it should be noted that along with laboratory researches of breadth of antimicrobic activity the tests of sampled products are fundamental in a production conditions. The purpose of the research was testing the import-substituting disinfectant Rekodez. The studies, carried out in laboratory using test-objects, have shown the high disinfecting activity of Rekodez against gram-negative (gr n), gram-positive (gr p) spore forming organisms, mycoflora and M.tuberculosis. The industrial tests established that when using 1% solution of the Rekodez at exposure time of 2 hours in bacteriological analysis of samples, taken after disinfection, there was no evidence of sanitary-indicating microorganisms with abundant growth in the control, taken before disinfection. The quality of the disinfection performed is satisfactory. When industrial testingof Rekodez at un favourable for tuberculosis farms, it was shown that when using 2% of solution of the Rekodez product at exposure time of 2 hours, there was no evidence of the growth of sanitary-indicating microorganisms – mycobacteria and staphylococcus at the final disinfection.All that state satisfactory disinfection qualities.

   
Keywords: disinfectants, stock breeding complexes, surface-active agents, tuberculosis, sanitation.
   
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