Our address:
Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation, and Biological Safety - All Russian Research Veterinary Institute, 2-Nauchny gorodok, Kazan, 420075, Russia

Tel. / Fax:(843) 239-53-20 (editorial)

E-mail: vetvrach@vnivi.ru

The journal is registered

The journal is registered in Federal Service for Oversight of Mass Media, Telecommunications, and Protection of Cultural Heritage.

The Registration Certificate number is ÏÈ ¹ÔÑ77-29757 

Decision of the Presidium

of the Russian Higher Attestation Committee

The Veterinarny Vrach journal is one of the Russian peer-viewed research journals eligible to publish main research findings and results of theses pending a scientific degree of Doctor or Cadidate of Sciences.

Archive

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

¹ 2, 2018

Ñêà÷àòü íîìåð æóðíàëà â ôîðìàòå .pdf (11,79 ÌÁ)
  VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY WITH TOXICOLOGY
   
Title:

UDC 619:615.37/.9:636.028:612.1 GENERAL TOXICAL PROPERTIES OF “GENESIS” (“AGROBIOINTENSIVE”) FEED SUPPLEMENT

   
Authors: Letkin A.I. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences; Zenkin A.S. – Doctor of Biological Sciences; Mungin V.V. – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor; Pilgaev F.P. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences; Gibalkina N.I. – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences; Vasilkin V.M. – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences.
   
Address:
National Research Mordovia Ogarev State University, Saransk (e-mail: vetagro2003@mail.ru).

   
Abstract:
General toxical properties of the “Genesis” (“Agrobiointensive”) feed supplement were assessed using white laboratory rats. Harmless properties of the “Genesis” (“Agrobiointensive”) feed supplement were evaluated by the change in clinical signs and morphological indicators of whole blood. For assessing the acute toxicity of the supplement, the following clinical features of the experimental animals were taken into consideration: general state of the animals, their behavior, intensity and nature of motor activity, the presence and nature of seizures, coordination disorders, skeletal muscle tone, reaction to tactile, pain, sound and light stimuli, the frequency and depth of respiratory movements, the rhythm of cardiac contractions, the condition of the hair and skin, the color of the mucous membranes, the size of the pupil, the position of the tail, the number and heist of fecal masses, frequency of urination, consumption of feed and water, change of body weight. From the morphological parameters of the blood we studied the hemoglobin content in the blood, the concentration in the whole blood of erythrocytes and leukocytes, as well as erythrocyte indices characterizing the color index of blood (CP) and the average hemoglobin content in one erythrocyte (SGE). We established that the use of Genesis (Agrobiointensive) does not lead to any changes of the main indicators of the clinical status of experimental animals, but changes in body weight, body temperature, pulse and respiration occur against the background of reference values and indicators of control animals. The change in the hematological parameters of the experimental rats also occurs within the limits of the physiological norm. In addition, the case of experimental rats was not observed during 14-day study. In this regard, to establish the LD50 was not possible. This allows us to consider the drug Genesis (Agrobiointensive) as non-toxic in the tested range and vary its dosage within a wide range.

   
Keywords: general toxic properties, rats, Genesis (Agrobiointensive), hematological status, blood, erythrocyte indices.
   
References:
1. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po izucheniyu obshchetoksicheskogo dejstviya farmakologicheskih sredstv [Methodological recommendations for the study of the general toxic effect of pharmacological agents] / E.V.Arzamascev [et al.]; edited by B.A.Kurlyandsky. – Moscow, 1997. – 15 p.
2. Metodologicheskie osnovy ocenki kliniko-morfologicheskih pokazatelej krovi domashnih zhivotnyh [Methodological bases of assessment of clinical and morphological indicators of blood of domestic animals] / E.B.Bazhibina [et al.]. – Moscow: Akvarium-Print, 2005. – 128 p.
3. Bessarabova, E.V. Probiotik Laktobifadol pri vyrashchivanii brojlerov [Using Lactobiophadol probiotic in growing broilers] / E.V.Bessarabova // Pticevodstvo. – 2009. – ¹ 12. – P. 41–42.
4. Vasilkin, V.M. Organizaciya raboty mikrobiologicheskoj laboratorii [Organization of the microbiological laboratory] / V.M.Vasilkin, YU.A.Boryaeva, N.V.Vasilkin. – Saransk: Izd-vo Mordov. un-ta, 2017. – 56 p.
5. Kondrahin, I.P. Metody veterinarnoj klinicheskoj laboratornoj diagnostiki [Methods of veterinary clinical laboratory diagnostics] / I.P.Kondrahin. – Moscow: KolosS, 2004. – 520 p.
6. Letkin, A.I. Izuchenie vliyaniya preparata CSP RM na biohimicheskie pokazateli kur-nesushek [The study of the influence of the drug DSP RM on biochemical indicators of laying hens] / A.I.Letkin // Instrumenty i mekhanizmy sovremennogo innovacionnogo razvitiya – Tools and mechanisms of modern innovation development: collection of articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. – Ufa, 2016. – P. 209–213.
7. Letkin, A.I. Vliyanie preparatov CSP RM i HEHD na kliniko-gematologicheskij status cyplyat-brojlerov krossa SOOV-500 [Influence of drugs DSP RM and CED on the clinical and hematological status of broiler chickens crosses ÑÎÎÂ-500]/ A.I.Letkin, A.S.Zenkin, S.V.Labinov // Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. – 2015. – ¹1 (chast 1). – P. 1963–1969.
8. Rukovodstvo po provedeniyu doklinicheskih issledovanij lekarstvennyh sredstv [A guide to conducting preclinical studies of medicines] / A.N.Mironov [et al.]. – Moscow: Grif i K, 2012. – 944 p.

  VETERINARY VIROLOGY, EPIZOOTOLOGY AND ANIMAL THERAPY
   
Title:

UDC 614.777:628.35 SANITARY-PARASITOLOGICAL CONDITION WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF THE YAKUTSK CITY

   
Authors: 1Tonoeva N.Ch. - postgraduate student; 1Udaltsov E.A. – Candidate of Veterinary Science; 2Efremova E.A. – Candidate of Veterinary Science.
   
Address:
1Novosibirsk State Technical University, NSTU, Novosibirsk (e-mail: ugodnic@gmail.com).

2 The Siberian and Far East Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Siberian Federal Scientific Centre for Agrarian Biotechnology, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk (e-mail: alfa_parazit@mail.ru).

   
Abstract:
The goal of the work - to assess the sanitary-parasitological condition of urban wastewater and the efficiency theirs disinfection at a biological treatment plant in Yakutsk. Taking of water sample and their sanitary-parasitological investigations were carried out in accordance with methods generally accepted and approved normative documents in parasitology. For assess the epidemic situation of diphyllobothriasis used level of morbidity (LM) and average perennial rate of morbidity (APMR). Assessment of parasitological contamination of wastewater in Yakutsk revealed that in the samples of water taken before treatment, as well as precipitate from the sand were recorded eggs of Ascarididae and Diphyllobothriidae in 100% of cases. The eggs of these helminths were detected after primary mechanical water purification and in the sediment from the n-filter in 100 and 80%, respectively, and after repeated purification and biological treatment of water with activated sludge, respectively, in 33 and 17% of the samples. Moreover, undamaged eggs of Ascarididae and Diphyllobothriidae were detected in 18 and 9% of water samples respectively after exposure to ultraviolet illumination. Eggs of enterobiosis found in 17% of wastewater samples. Mechanical and biological treatment reduces the proportion of positive samples to 8%. Àfter ultraviolet illumination of effluents in water samples, eggs of enterobiosis were not found. Eggs of teniids and trichocephalus during the whole period of the study were not recorded at all sampling stages. The methods of disinfection applied at sewage treatment facilities in the city of Yakutsk do not ensure the destruction of pathogens of parasitic diseases and do not guarantee the epidemiological safety of water against the causative agents of ascaridosis and diphyllobothriasis. Municipal wastewater contaminated with propagative forms of bio- and geohelminthes is one of the factors causing an unfavorable sanitary-parasitological condition of the river Lena having a negative impact on the ecological and epidemic situation of parasitic diseases in the region

   
Keywords: propagative forms of helminthes, diphyllobothriosis, risk of contamination of the population, contamination of environmental objects, sanitary-parasitological monitoring of wastewater; sanitary-parasitological of water quality indicators.
   
References:
1. Sanitarno-parazitologicheskoe sostoyanie ob"ektov infrastruktury naselennyh punktov Kabardino-Balkarskoj Respubliki [Sanitation and parasitic status of infrastructure in living areas in the Kabarda Balkar Republik] / Zh.M.Ardavova, A.M.Bittirov, M.M.Sarbasheva [et al.] // Rossijskij parazitologicheskij zhurnal. – 2010. – ¹ 2 – P. 16–20.
2. Harakteristika vody reki Lena i zdorovie naseleniya respubliki Saha (Yakutiya) [Water characteristics in the Lena river and human health in the Sakha Republik (Yakutiya)] / V.A.Astafev [et al.] // Byulleten Vostochno-Sibirskogo nauchnogo centra SO RAMN. – 2013. – ¹ 6 (94). – P. 97–101.
3. Bochkarev, I.I. Vliyanie antropogennoj kontaminacii na difillobotrioznuyu invaziyu u presnovodnyh ryb srednego techeniya reki Leny [The effect of man-induced contamination on diphyllobothriosis invasion in fish in middle reach of the Lena river] / I.I.Bochkarev, N.V.Kuzmina, A.N.Nyukkanov // Baltijskij forum veterinarnoj mediciny 2011 – the Baltic forum of Veterinary Medicine 2011: proceedings from scientific and practical conference, Sain Petersburg, 2011. – Saint Petersburg: OOO «Informacionno-konsaltingovyj centr», 2011. – P. 163–164.
4. O sostoyanii sanitarno-ehpidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchiya naseleniya v RF v 2015 godu: gosudarstvennyj doklad [Sanitation and epidemiological health in the Russian Federation in 2015: state report]. – Moscow: Federalnaya sluzhba po nadzoru v sfere zashchity prav potrebitelej i blagopoluchiya cheloveka, 2016. – 200 p.
5. O sostoyanii sanitarno-ehpidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchiya naseleniya v Respublike Saha (Yakutiya) v 2016 godu: gosudarstvennyj doklad [Sanitation and epidemiological health in the Sakha Republic in 2016: state report]. – Yakutsk, 2017. – 233 p.
6. Zdravoohranenie v Rossii. 2015: stat.sb. [Health Care in Russia: statistics] / edited by M.A.Dianov; Rosstat. – Moscow, 2015. – 174 p.
7. Kuzmina, N.V. Vozdejstvie antropogennyh faktorov na osnovnye vidy cestod ryb srednego techeniya reki Leny [The effect of man-induced factors on fish gid tapewarm in middle reach of the Lena river]: abstract from the dissertation of Candidate of Biological Sciences / N.V.Kuzmina. – Yakutsk, 2017. – 22 p.
8. Parazitologicheskaya harakteristika ob"ektov okruzhayushchej sredy na urbanizirovannyh territoriyah Kurskoj oblasti [Parasitological characteristics of environmental objects in urbanized areas of Kuskaya oblast] / N.S.Malysheva, N.A.Samofalova, N.A.Plekhova, A.N.Borzosekov // Uchenye zapiski. Elektronnyj nauchnyj zhurnal Kurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – 2008 – ¹3 (7). – P. 3–6.
9. Matveeva, A.A. Ocenka parazitologicheskogo zagryazneniya kanalizacionnyh stochnyh vod g. Tyumeni [Evaluation of parasitic contamination in sewage waters in Tyumen] / A.A.Matveeva, E.M.Gileva, A.N.Siben // Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. – 2013. – ¹ 6. – P. 1–6.
10. MUK 2.1.5.800-99 Organizaciya gossanehpidnadzora za obezzarazhivaniem stochnyh vod: metodicheskie ukazaniya [Methodological guidelines 2.1.5.800-99 Arrangement of state epidemiological survey on decontamination of waste waters]. – Moscow, 1999.
11. MUK 4.2.1884-04 Sanitarno-mikrobiologicheskij i sanitarno-parazitologicheskij analiz vody poverhnostnyh vodnyh ob"ektov: metodicheskie ukazaniya [Methodological guidelines 4.2.1884-04 sanitation and microbiological and parasitological analysis of surface water bodies]. – Moscow, 2004.
12. Platonov, T.A. Difillobotriidy (Diphyllobothriidae) srednego techeniya reki Leny (fauna, ehkologiya i mery borby) [Diphyllobothriidae in middle reach of the Lena river (fauna, ecology and control measures]: abstract from the dissertation of Candidate of Biological Sciences / T.A.Platonov. – Tyumen, 2002. – 23 p.
13. Ob utverzhdenii normativov kachestva vody vodnyh ob"ektov rybohozyajstvennogo znacheniya, v tom chisle normativov predelno dopustimyh koncentracij vrednyh veshchestv v vodah vodnyh ob"ektov rybohozyajstvennogo znacheniya [On approval of norms for water quality in fishery water bodies including maximal allowed concentration of hazardous substances in water bodies used for fish breeding]: prikaz Rosrybolovstva ot 18.01.2010 ¹ 20 – order of Russian fishery administration of 18.01.2010. – Moscow, 2010. – 20 p.
14. Romanenko. N.A. Sanitarnaya parazitologiya [Sanitation parasitology] / N.A.Romanenko, I.K.Padchenko, N.B.CHebyshev. – Moscow: Medicina, 2000. – 320 p.
15. Model sanitarno-gelmintologicheskogo nadzora i poisk sredstv dezinvazii pochvy i vody v ochagah teniarinhoza v usloviyah Kabardino-Balkarskoj Respubliki [Model of sanitation and helminthological survey and search of decontamination means in beef tapeworm infection in the Kabarda Balkar Rapublic] / M.M.Sarbasheva, A.A.Bittirova, Zh.A.Atabieva, A.M.Bittirov // Gigiena i sanitariya. – 2014. – ¹ 3 – P. 31–34.
16. Rasprostranennost difillobotrioza i opistorhoza v Rossii v 1992 g. [Spread of Diphyllobothriidae and opistarhosis in Russia in 1992] / V.P.Sergiev, R.F.Akimova, N.A.Romanenko, A.A.Frolova // Zdorovie naseleniya i sreda obitaniya: ezhemesyachnyj informacionnyj byulleten' RRIAC. – 1993, ¹ 4. – P. 15–17.
17. Obsemenyonnost stochnyh vod kanalizacii i ih osadkov yajcami gelmintov v respublike Adygeya [Insemination of sewage waste waters and sedimentations with helmynth eggs in the Adygeya republic] / L.V.Shishkanova [et al.] // Teoriya i praktika borby s parazitarnymi boleznyami – Theory and practice of parasitic diseases control: proceedings from the International scientific conference . – Moscow, 2009. – P. 442–444.
18. Hutoryanina, I.V. Sanitarno-parazitologicheskij monitoring za ob"ektami okruzhayushchej sredy g. Astrahani i prilezhashchih territorij [Sanitation and parasitic monitoring of environment in Astrakhan and the adjusting territories] / I.V.Hutoryanina, E.P.Hromenkova, L.L.Dimidova // Theory and practice of parasitic diseases control: proceedings from the International scientific conference – Moscow, 2016. – P. 500–502.
19. Yusuphuzhaeva, A.M. Degelmintizaciya stochnyh vod na ochistnyh sooruzheniyah g. Tashkenta [Dehelmintation in sewage treatment plants in Tashkent] / A.M.Yusuphuzhaeva // Gigiena i sanitariya. – 2014. – ¹ 3. – P. 34–37.

   
   
Title:

UDC 619:577.121:612.017.2:636.22/.28 METABOLIC STATUS AND POST-VACCINATION IMMUNITY IN CATTLE IN THE AREA OF INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE

   
Authors: Brigadirov Y.N. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences; Kotsarev V.N. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences; Shaposhnikov I.T. – Doctor of Biological Sciences; Lobanov A.E. – junior researcher; Borisenko N.A. – junior researcher.
   
Address:
All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Voronezh (e-mail: ldmvdc@mail.ru).

   
Abstract:
Studies were carried out to determine the effect of industrial emissions into the atmosphere on hematological, immune-biochemical status, post-vaccine immunity in highly productive cows, colostral immunity in calves of 3-4 and 14-days and specific immunity in older young animals. Clinical experiments were performed in two livestock farms, one of which is located at a distance of 25 km from the enterprise with industrial emissions into the atmosphere, and the other one– in the territory with lack of industrial production on 20 highly productive cows (10 animals from each farm) and 7 calves produced from these cows. The object of the study was the blood. At the beginning of the experiment (2 weeks before calving), blood samples were taken from cows 7-10 days and 3-4 weeks after calving for morphological, immune-biological and serological studies. For 50-60 days before calving dry cows were immunized twice with an interval of 3 weeks of an inactivated vaccine ", COMBOVAC" to create the offspring of colostral immunity. Calves obtained from immunized cows, with a 30– day age were vaccinated with the same vaccine twice with an interval of 20 days. It was found that the cows "areas of the environmental load" for 2 weeks before calving, after 7-10 days and 3-4 weeks after calving was less than that of the animals of "clean zone", the contents of erythrocytes was 5.24 less respectively, 13.9 and 14.7%, hematocrit by1.68; 7.22, and5.67% less, segmented neutrophils by 9.82; of 36.1 and 25.2%, eosinophils by 32.8%, 29.3% and 31.4 percent, lymphocytes 8.71more by 27.8 and 30.0%. Immune defense indices were characterized by a lower content of T-lymphocytes by 18.1; 9.93 and 28.2% respectively and a higher level of b-lymphocytes by 10.4; 14.9 and 13.8%, and natural resistance by a lower bactericidal content by 10.9; 12.4 and 11.0% and lysozyme activity of blood serum by 32.4; 24.6 and 26.0%. Serological monitoring of dry and lactating cows in “the zone of ecological load "in relation to the animals of “ the ecologically clean zone " was characterized by a weaker level of humoral protection at low rates of individual antibody titers to viral antigens. Set values of these parameters indicate that the animals from the zones of industrial emissions in comparison with intact the cows are characterized by the decreased erythropoiesis, immune factors and natural protection, risk of immunodeficiency, which is revealed in the reduction of formation of specific immunity to PG-3, IRT, VD-BS and RS infection in dry and lactating cows, colostral immunity of calves and post-vaccination immunity in older calves.

   
Keywords: environment, cows, calves, metabolic status, immune.
   
References:
1. Metodologicheskie podhody ocenki vliyaniya okruzhayushchej sredy na sostoyanie zdorovya zhivotnyh [Methodological approaches in evaluation of environmental influence on animal health]/ I.M.Donnik, I.A.SHkuratova, N.A.Vereshchak [et al.] // Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka. – 2006. – ¹ 8. – P. 169–173.
2. Donnik, I.M. Sostoyanie zdorov'ya zhivotnyh v industrial'nyh territoriyah [Animal health in industrial areas] / I.M.Donnik // Prodovolstvennaya bezopasnost XXI veka – food safety in XXI century: collection of articles – Ekaterinburg, 2000. – P. 114–130.
3. Adaptaciya agrosfery v usloviyah tekhnogeneza [Adaptation of agriculture in technogenesis]/ R.G.Ilyazov [et al.]. – Kazan, 2006. – 670 p.
4. Kashin, A.S. Agropromyshlenno-ehkologicheskie organopatologii molodnyaka zhivotnyh, profilaktika i patologiya. Veterinarnaya ehkologiya [agroindustry- and environment-induced pathology in young animals, prevention and pathology/ A.S.Kashin; VNIIPO Minselhoza Rossii. RASKHN. Sib. Otdelenie – Barnaul, 2002 – 250 p.
5. Loretc, O.G. Zdorovie i molochnaya produktivnost korov v usloviyah tekhnogeneza [Health and dairy production of cows in technological industry] / O.G.Loretc, I.M.Donnik, N.H.Klimova // Agrarnyj vestnik Urala. – 2012. – ¹ 4. – P. 17–19.
6. Lyubashevskij, N.M. Opyt ocenki mutagennosti prirodnoj sredy, zagryaznennoj promyshlennymi vybrosami [Evaluation of environmental mutagenicity at industrial pollution] / N.M.Lyubashevskij, M.F.Bahtiyarova, A.A.Ryazanova // Ocherki po ehkologicheskoj diagnostike – Notes on ecological evaluation: collection of articles from Sverdlovskoj UrOAn SSR. – Sverdlovsk, 1991. – P. 3–9.
7. O fiziologicheskom sostoyanii suporosnyh svinomatok pri profilakticheskom vozdejstvii ehlektromagnitnyh izluchenij v oblasti ultrafioletovogo i infrakrasnogo diapazonov [On physiological state of lactating sows at preventive effect of electromagnetic radiation within ultraviolet and infrared range] / E.B.Mirzoev, V.O.Kobyalko, V.L.Ivanov [et al.] // Selskohozyajstvennaya biologiya. – 2004. – ¹ 6. – P. 107–109.
8. Mirzoev, E.B. Vozdejstvie tekhnogennyh faktorov na sel'skohozyajstvennyh zhivotnyh pri vedenii zhivotnovodstva v ehkologicheski neblagopoluchnyh regionah [Effect of man-induced factors on livestock animals in polluted areas] / E.B.Mirzoev // Sel'skohozyajstvennaya biologiya. – 2007. – ¹ 2. – P. 73–78
9. Etnologicheskie i patologicheskie aspekty patologii rodov i poslerodovogo perioda u svinej i korov [Ethnic and pathological aspects of labor pathologies and postpartum period in sows and cows] / V.D.Misajlov, A.G.SHahov, V.N.Kocarev [et al.] // Ekologo-adaptacionnaya strategiya zashchity zdorovya i produktivnosti zhivotnyh v sovremennyh usloviyah. – Voronezh, 2002. – P. 85–105.
10. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po ocenke i korrekcii immunnogo statusa zhivotnyh [Methodological recommendations on evaluation and correction of animal immune status] / A.G.SHahov, YU.N.Mas'yanov, M.I.Reckij [et al.]. – Voronezh: Istoki, 2005. – 116 p.
11. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po diagnostike, terapii i profilaktike narushenij obmena veshchestv u produktivnyh zhivotnyh [methodological recommendations for diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of metabolism disorders in production animals] / M.I.Reckij, A.G.SHahov, V.I.SHushlebin [et al.]. – Voronezh: Istoki, 2005. – 94 p.
12. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po ocenke i korrekcii nespecificheskoj rezistentnosti zhivotnyh [Methodological recommendations on evaluation and correction of animal nonspecific resistance] / A.G.SHahov, YU.N.Brigadirov, A.I.Anufriev [et al.]. – Voronezh: Istoki, 2005. – 62 p.
13. Popova, N.B. Monitoring zemel Sverdlovskoj oblasti [soil monitoring in Sverdlovskaya oblast]/ N.B.Popova // Ekologicheskie problemy zemledeliya Srednego Urala – Ecological issues of planting in Middle Urals: collection of articles. – Ekaterinburg, 1995. – P. 26–29.
14. Firsova, V.P. Ekologicheskoe sostoyanie pochvennogo pokrova Urala i ego ohrana [Soil ecology in the Urals and its protection]/ V.P.Firsova, V.P.Meshcheryakov // Problemy ehkologii okruzhayushchej sredy – Environmental problems: theses fron scientific and practice conference. – Ekaterinburg: «Uralehkologiya-96», 1996. – P. 19–20.
15. Shahov A.G. Ekologicheskie problemy patologii sel'skohozyajstvennyh zhivotnyh [Ecological issues of livestock pathologies] / A.G.SHahov // Ekologicheskie problemy patologii farmakologii i terapii zhivotnyh. – Voronezh: VNIIPFiT, 1997. – 433 p.
16. [On line resource] http://pandia.ru/text/77/309/53163.php.

   
   
Title:

UDC 619:611.018:615.014.41:576.809.33 THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CELL CULTURES AFTER LONG-TERM CRYOPRESERVATION

   
Authors: Plotnikova E.M. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences; Arkharova I.A. – external postgraduate student; Samsonov A.I. – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Churina Z.G. – external postgraduate student.
   
Address:
Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan (e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru).

   
Abstract:
Cell cultures in collections must preserve their original properties and genotypical characteristics, indicating their purity. The aim of this work was to study the properties of LEK cell cultures after long-term cryopreservation. It is established that the viability of cell cultures after cryopreservation, cultured on radio-decontaminated environment was 80%. The cells retained their original morphological features, the degree of sensitivity to viruses in the cell cultures did not change after long-term storage, the modal class of chromosome plates meets the passport requirements, and microplasma microbial contamination was absent. The viability index for cells cultured in non-irradiated medium was 75%. Thus, the survival of passed LEK cell line in irradiated medium after defrosting was higher than that of the non-irradiated meduim. During the long-term storage in liquid nitrogen - 196°C the cell culture retains its biological properties after defrosting, if the cultivation corresponds to the requirements and can be used for production of vaccines to prevent animal viral diseases.

   
Keywords: cryopreservation, cell culture, reproduction of viruses, serum, ionizing irradiation.
   
References:
1. Adams, R. Metodyi kulturyi kletok dlya biohimikov [Methods cell culture for biochemists] / R.Adams; per. s angl. M.A. Panovyim; red. B.Yu.Polyakov. – Moscow: Mir, 1983. – 313 p.
2. Buldakova, L.A. Radiatsionnoe vozdeystvie na organizm – polozhitelnyie effektyi [Radiation effects on the body positive effects] / L.A.Buldakova, V.S.Kalistratova.– Moscow: Inform – Atom, 2005. – 246 p.
3. Dyakonov, L.P. Zhivotnaya kletka v culture [Animal cells in culture] / L.P.Dyakonov, V.I.Sitkov. – M.: «Kompaniya Sputnik », 2009. – 656 p.
4. Mamaeva, S.E. Zakonomernosti kariotipicheskoy evolyutsii kletok v culture [Patterns of karyotypic evolution of cells in culture] / S.E. Mamaeva // Tsitologiya. – 1996. – Vol. 38, ¹ 8. – P. 787-814.
5. Orlov, A.P. Voprosyi standartizatsii kletok-produtsentov dlya biotehnologii [Standartization of Producer Cells in Biotechnology] / A.P.Orlov [et al.] // Biotehnologiya. – 2017. – Vol. 33, ¹ 3. –P. 81-87.
6. Pinaev, G.P. Metodyi kultivirovaniya kletok [Methods of cell cultivation] / G.P.Pinaev, M.S.Bogdanova. – Moscow: Izd-vo Politeh. Un-ta, 2008. – P. 228-230.
7. Plotnikova, E.M. Kultura kletok tkaney iz parenhimatoznyih organov ploda korovyi [Cell culture tissues from parenchymatous organs of the fetus cows] / E.M.Plotnikova, V.G.Gumerov, I.M.Ganiev, V.G.Tsyiganova, R.R.Sharafieva // Biotehnologiya: toksikologicheskaya, radiatsionnaya i biologicheskaya bezopasnost – Biotechnology: toxicological, radiation, and biological safety: proceedings from Int.scientific and practical conf.dedicated to the 50th anniversary of FTRSA-ARRVI. – Kazan, 2010. – P.447-450.
8. Tsyirenov, V.Zh. Osnovyi biotehnologii: kultivirovanie kletok cheloveka i zhivotnyih: uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie / V.Zh.Tsyirenov; VSGTU. – Ulan-Ude, 2005. – 48 p.
9. Lallinger, G. Coldstorage and cryopreservation of tick cell lines / G. Lallinger [et al.] // Parasites & Vectors. –2010. – Vol. 37, ¹ 3. – P.1-5.
10. Mehrabani, D. Establishment, characterization and cryopreservation of Fars native goat fetal fibroblast cell lines / D. Mehrabani [et al.] // Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction. – 2016. – Vol. 5, ¹ 3. - P. 247–251.
11. Moorhead, P.S. The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains / P.S. Moorhead // Exp. Cell Res. – 1960. – P. 585-621.

   
   
Title:

UDC 619:614.31.48 BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND EFFECT OF GLUTOSAN DISINFECTANT SOLUTION ON MICROORGANISMS

   
Authors: Ramazanova D.M. – postgraduate student; Saypulaev M.S. – Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.
   
Address:
Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute, Makhachkala (e-mail: pznivi@bk.ru).

   
Abstract:
The aim of this work was to study the effect of Glutosan disinfectant and its suitability for facilities under veterinary survey. Field trials of Glutosan disinfectant were carried out in facilities housing fattening bulls, layer hens, and laboratory animals in Dagestan republic veterinary laboratory. The field trials were carried out by irrigating Glutosan solution onto surfaces and equipment in the facilities. The field trials showed that Glutosan disinfectant solutions decontaminate coliform bacteria on smooth surfaces in concentration of 0.5%, after 3 h of exposure time, and rate of 0.25-0.3 l/m2, and on rough surface are decontaminated in 3 hours at 0.7% concentration and 0.5 l / m2 of exposure rate. For Staphylococcus smooth surfaces are decontaminated in 3 h at 1.0% solution and 0.25-0.3 l/m2 exposure rate, while rough surfaces are decontaminated in 3 h at 1.5% concentration and 0.5 l/m2 exposure rate. The field trials for "Glutosan" disinfectant were carried out according to the procedure provided in the Regulation "On the procedure for testing new disinfectants for veterinary practice” approved by the USSR Gosagroprom State Administration in January, 1987. The quality of the performed disinfection was evaluated according to The Rules for Disinfection in Facilities under the State Veterinary Surveillance (2002). The field trials showed the dependence of Glutosan disinfecting action on the types of surfaces. The most difficult to decontaminate were rough surfaces made wooden and concrete materials. The obtained results of field trials show that the "Glutosan" agent is an effective disinfectant.

   
Keywords: test, decontamination, disinfection, irrigation, exposure, consumption of disinfecting solution, concentration.
   
References:
1. Polyakov, A.A. Veterinarnaya desinfectsiya [Veterinary disinfection] / A.A.Polyakov. – Moscow: Kolos, 1975. – P. 8-16.
2. Popov, N.I. Noviye otechestvenniye preparati dlya veterinarno-sanitarnoi obrabotki transportnih sredstv ispolzuyemih dlya perevozki zhivotnovodcheskih gruzov [New domestic products for veterinary and sanitary treatment of transport used for the carriage of livestock goods] / N.I.Popov, S.A.Michko, M.P.Butko // Russian Journal “Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology”. – 2015. – ¹ 2 (14). – P. 32-36.
3. Koichuyev, A.U. Preparat “Saideks” i ego dezinfiktsionnaya effektivnost [The drug "CIDEX" and its disinfecting effectiveness] / A.U.Koichuyev, N.I.Popov // Russian Journal “Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology”. – 2013. – ¹ 1 (19). – P. 41-43.
4. Saipullayev, M.S. Dezinfektsionnaya effektivnost rastvorov preparata “Miksamin” [Disinfecting effectiveness of solutions of drug "Mixamin"] / M.S.Saipullayev // Russian Journal “Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology”. – 2015. – ¹ 2 (14). – P. 37-41.
5. Stupina, A.N. Bakteritsidnaya aktivnost rastvorov preparata “Aminatsid” [The bactericidal activity of solutions of drug "Aminatsid"] / A.N. Stupina // Russian Journal “Problem of Veterinary Sanitation Problems of Hygiene and Ecology”. – 2013. – ¹ 1 (9).
6. Seliverstov,V.V. Dezinfektsiya v sisteme veterinarno-sanitarnih meropriyatiy [Disinfection in the system of veterinary-sanitary measures / V.V. Seliverstov, N.I. Popov // Problemy veterinarnoy meditsiny v usloviyah reformirovaniya selskohozyaystvennogo proizvodstva – Problems of Veterinary Medicine in the conditions of reforming of agricultural production: coll. of research papers Caspian zonal NIVI. – Makhachkala, 2003. – P. 142-153.
7. Smirnov, A.M. Veterinarno-sanitarniye meropriyatiya pri afrikanskoi chume svinei [Veterinary and sanitary measures from the African swine fever] / A.M.Smirniv, M.P.Butko. – Moscow: LLC "NIPKTS Sunrise-A, 2013. – P. 450-452.
8. Metodicheskiye ukazaniya “Pravila provedeniya dezinfektsii i dezinvazii obektov gosudarstvennogo veterinarnogo nadzora” [Guidelines “The rules of carrying disinfection and desinvasion of objects of State Veterinary Supervision”]: approved by the Russian Federation Ministry of Agriculture in 15.07.2002. ¹1 3-5-2/0525. – Moscow, 2002. – 64p.
9. Metodicheskiye ukazaniya o poryadke ispitaniya novih dezinfektsionnih sredstv dlya veterinarnoi praktiki [Guidelines on the procedure for the testing of new tools for disinfection for veterinary practice]: approved by the USSR State Veterinary Administration in 07.01.1987. – Moscow, 1987.
1. Polyakov, A.A. Veterinarnaya desinfectsiya [Veterinary disinfection] / A.A.Polyakov. – Moscow: Kolos, 1975. – P. 8-16.
2. Popov, N.I. Noviye otechestvenniye preparati dlya veterinarno-sanitarnoi obrabotki transportnih sredstv ispolzuyemih dlya perevozki zhivotnovodcheskih gruzov [New domestic products for veterinary and sanitary treatment of transport used for the carriage of livestock goods] / N.I.Popov, S.A.Michko, M.P.Butko // Russian Journal “Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology”. – 2015. – ¹ 2 (14). – P. 32-36.
3. Koichuyev, A.U. Preparat “Saideks” i ego dezinfiktsionnaya effektivnost [The drug "CIDEX" and its disinfecting effectiveness] / A.U.Koichuyev, N.I.Popov // Russian Journal “Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology”. – 2013. – ¹ 1 (19). – P. 41-43.
4. Saipullayev, M.S. Dezinfektsionnaya effektivnost rastvorov preparata “Miksamin” [Disinfecting effectiveness of solutions of drug "Mixamin"] / M.S.Saipullayev // Russian Journal “Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology”. – 2015. – ¹ 2 (14). – P. 37-41.
5. Stupina, A.N. Bakteritsidnaya aktivnost rastvorov preparata “Aminatsid” [The bactericidal activity of solutions of drug "Aminatsid"] / A.N. Stupina // Russian Journal “Problem of Veterinary Sanitation Problems of Hygiene and Ecology”. – 2013. – ¹ 1 (9).
6. Seliverstov,V.V. Dezinfektsiya v sisteme veterinarno-sanitarnih meropriyatiy [Disinfection in the system of veterinary-sanitary measures / V.V. Seliverstov, N.I. Popov // Problemy veterinarnoy meditsiny v usloviyah reformirovaniya selskohozyaystvennogo proizvodstva – Problems of Veterinary Medicine in the conditions of reforming of agricultural production: coll. of research papers Caspian zonal NIVI. – Makhachkala, 2003. – P. 142-153.
7. Smirnov, A.M. Veterinarno-sanitarniye meropriyatiya pri afrikanskoi chume svinei [Veterinary and sanitary measures from the African swine fever] / A.M.Smirniv, M.P.Butko. – Moscow: LLC "NIPKTS Sunrise-A, 2013. – P. 450-452.
8. Metodicheskiye ukazaniya “Pravila provedeniya dezinfektsii i dezinvazii obektov gosudarstvennogo veterinarnogo nadzora” [Guidelines “The rules of carrying disinfection and desinvasion of objects of State Veterinary Supervision”]: approved by the Russian Federation Ministry of Agriculture in 15.07.2002. ¹1 3-5-2/0525. – Moscow, 2002. – 64p.
9. Metodicheskiye ukazaniya o poryadke ispitaniya novih dezinfektsionnih sredstv dlya veterinarnoi praktiki [Guidelines on the procedure for the testing of new tools for disinfection for veterinary practice]: approved by the USSR State Veterinary Administration in 07.01.1987. – Moscow, 1987.

   
   
Title:

UDC 619:615:616.98:578.825.1:576.3.809.33 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS INACTIVATED ON THE VIRUS OF AUJESZKY'S DISEASE IN THE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF THE VACCINE

   
Authors: 1Samuilenko A.Ya. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor, Academician of RAS; 1Fedorova O.Y. – applicant; 1Melnik N.V. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences; 1Grin S.A. – Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor, Corresponding member of RAS; 1Melnik R.N. – Candidate of Biological Sciences; 2Litenkova I.Y. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences.
   
Address:
1All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Moscow region (e-mail: vnitibp@mail.ru).
 
2FSE «Shchelkovo Biokombinat», Moscow region (e-mail: comerc@biocombinat.ru).

   
Abstract:
The article presents the results of a study of the effects of various inactivants on the Aujeszky's disease virus, which were subsequently used to develop in the industrial production of the vaccine against Aujeszky's disease inactivated emulsified labeled at the SCF «Shchelkovo Biomedical Combine», in conjunction with VNITIBP specialists, which induces immunity in vaccinated animals for GB antigen, and does not cause the formation of antibodies to the deletion gE antigen. When developing the vaccine, one of the important points was the development of the virus inactivation technique so that after the inactivation the antigenicity of the active substance - the inactivated virus was not lost and at the same time, the vaccine should be harmless, areactogenic.

   
Keywords: vaccine virus of Aujeszky's disease, monolayer-suspension subline cells, inactivation, marked strain, the formaldehyde dimer, ethylenimine, ß-propiolacton; uses an attenuated strain, nutrient medium, dispersing the mixture, solutions.
   
References:
1. Immunogennye svojstva koncentrat-vakciny protiv bolezni Aueski, delecionnogo po glikoproteinu gE [Immunogenic properties Concentrate-vaccine against Aujeszky's disease, deletion by glycoprotein gE]/ M.N.Guseva, V.V.Mihajlishin, O.S.Morenkov, N.S.Mamkov // Proizvodstvo i kontrol medicinskih veterinarnyh preparatov, opyt primeneniya i realizaciya ih v stranah SNG – Production and control of veterinary medical drugs, expertise and selling in CIS countries: conference proceedings. – Vladimirskaya obl., p. Volginskij: FGUPPZP, 1999. – P. 56–58.
2. Infekcionnaya patologiya zhivotnyh [Infectious pathology of animals]/ edited by A.YA.Samujlenko, B.V.Soloveva, E.A.Nepoklonova, E.S.Voronina. – Moscow: IKC «Akademkniga», 2006. – 662 p..
3. Syurin, V.N. Diagnostika virusnyh boleznej zhivotnyh [Diagnostics of viral animal diseases]: reference book / V.N.Syurin, R.V.Belousova, N.V.Fomina. – Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1991. – 528 p.
4. Sergeev, V.A. Virusy i virusnye vakciny [Viruses and viral vaccines] / V.A.Sergeev, E.A.Nepoklonov, T.I.Aliper – Moscow: Biblionika, 2007. – 523 p.
5. Osnovy promyshlennoj immunobiotekhnologii: ucheb. posobie [Basics of industrial immunobiotechnology: handbook]/ V.M.Bezgin, N.N.Bykova, V.E.Kozlov [et al.]. – Kursk: Izd-vo KGSKHA, 2011 – 288 p.
6. Tzion, R.A. Differencial'naya diagnostika boleznej svinej [Differential diagnosis of pig diseases] / R.A.Tsion. – Leningrad: Kolos, 1970. – 96 p.
7. Ocenka virusvakciny dlya profilaktiki bolezni Aueski svinej [Evaluation of the virus vaccine for the prevention of Aujeszky's disease of pigs]/ A.A.Kolomycev, V.A.Babayan, I.F.Vishnyakov [et al.] // Veterinariya. – 1991. – ¹ 1 – P. 31–33.
8. The Role of Viral and Host MicroRNAs in the Aujeszky’s Disease Virus during the Infection Process / O.Timoneda [et al.] // PLoS ONE. – 2014. – ¹ 9 (1). – January. – P. 86–96.

   
   
Title:

UDC 619:616.2: 636.2.033 LYSOZYME ACTIVITY OF NASAL SECRET OF CALVES CLINICALLY HEALTHY AND THE SICK WITH BRONCHOPNEUMONIA

   
Authors: Alekhin Yu.N. – Doctor of Veterinary Science; Klement'eva I.F. – Researcher Assistant; Zhukov M.S. – Researcher Assistant; Morgunova V.I. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences.
   
Address:
State Scientific Institution All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Voronezh (e-mail: exterapi@yandex.ru).

   
Abstract:
The article presents the results of the study of lysozyme activity of nasal secret in calves with various clinical condition. The study involved 40 clinically healthy Aberdeen-Angus breed calves at the age of 5-6 months kept in the pasture, after which they were transferred to a calf house where animals with bronchopneumonia were kept. The results of the study showed that the translated calves observed adaptive activation of lysozyme synthesis, which is most pronounced during the first week. In animals that subsequently fell ill, this first reaction is much weaker, which is one of the reasons for the breakthrough of the barrier function of the mucous respiratory tract and the manifestation of pathogenicity, circulating in the air of microorganisms with the subsequent development of pathology. At the initial stages of the development of the disease, with the increase in the degree of contamination of the mucous membrane, the activation of immunity continues, but later there is a decrease and the development of secondary local immunodeficiency, which contributes to the further development of pathology and its generalization.

   
Keywords: calves, respiratory organs, local immunity, nasal secret, lysozyme, bronchopneumonia.
   
References:
. Blumberg I.À. Fotometricheskij metod opredeleniya lizotsima v intranazalnoj zhidkosti [Photometric method for determination of lysozyme in the intranasal fluid] / I.À.Blumberg, B.L.Dundure // Laboratornoe delo. – 1987. – ¹ 7. – P. 617–618.
2. Grjibovski À.M. Opisatel'naya statistika s ispol'zovaniem paketov statisticheskikh programm STATISTICA i SPSS [Discriptive stistics using Statistica and SPSS software] / À.M.Grjibovski, S.V.Ivanov, M.À.Gorbatova // Nauka i zdravookhranenie. – 2016. – ¹ 1. – P. 7-23.
3. Dorofejchuk V.G. Mekhanizm zashhitnoj funktsii lizotsima: fundamentalnoe i prikladnoe znanie [Mechanism of protective function of lysozyme: fundamental and applied knowledge] / V.G.Dorofejchuk // Nizhegorodskij med zhurnal. – 1996. –¹ 2. – P. 9-13.
4. Kagramanova K.À., Ermol'eva Z.V. Sravnitelnaya kharakteristika metodov opredeleniya aktivnosti lizotsima [Comparative characteristics of methods for determining the activity of lysozyme] / K.À. Kagramanova, Z.V. Ermol'eva // Àntibiotiki. – 1966. – ¹ 11 (10). – P. 9117-9119.
5. Metodicheskoe posobie po diagnostike i profilaktike narushenij antenatal'nogo i intranatal'nogo proiskhozhdeniya u telyat [Methodological manual on the diagnosis and prevention of antenatal and intranatal disorders in calves] / À.G.SHakhov, Yu.N.Àlekhin, S.V.Shabunin [et al.] – Voronezh: izdatelstvo «Istoki», 2013. – 92. p.
6. Opredelenie aktivnosti i izmerenie sorbtsii bakterioliticheskogo fermenta v sisteme zhivykh kletok Lactobacillus plantarum [Determination of the activity of bacteriolytic enzymes and measurement of their sorption in the system of living cells of Lactobacillus plantarum] / D.À. Matolygina, E.EH. Osipova, S.À. Smirnov [et al.] // Vestn. Mosk. Un-ta, seriya 2, KHimiya. – 2015. – Vol. 56 (6). – P. 365-371.
7. Pat. 2294373 Rossijskaya Federatsiya, MPK7 C12Q1/02, G01N33/48. Sposob opredeleniya lizotsimnoj aktivnosti biologicheskikh ob"ektov [Metod for determination of lysozyme activity of biologicacal objects] / G.N.Solovykh, V.V.Minakova, V.P.Korobov [et al.]: zayavitel i patentoobladatel Gosudarstvennoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya "Orenburgskaya gosudarstvennaya meditsinskaya akademiya" Ministerstva zdravookhraneniya Rossijskoj Federatsii". – 2005103265/13; zayavl. 08.02.2005; opubl. 27.02.2007. – Byul. Vol.6.
8. Pat. 2489489 Rossijskaya Federatsiya, MPK7 C12Q1/18. Sposob opredeleniya bakteritsidnykh svojstv syvorotki krovi [Method for determination of bactericidal properties of blood serum] / D.G.Deryabin, I.F.Karimov, YU.B.Ivanov, I.V.Manukhov: zayavitel i patentoobladatel Federalnoe gosudarstvennoe byudzhetnoe obrazovatelnoe uchrezhdenie vysshego professionalnogo obrazovaniya "Orenburgskij gosudarstvennyj universitet". – 2011153339/10; zayavl. 26.12.2011; opubl. 10.08.2013. – Byul. Vol. 22.
9. Pokrovskaya E.S. Bakteritsidnaya aktivnost' slyuny i syvorotki krovi zhvachnykh zhivotnykh po otnosheniyu k razlichnym vidam test-kul'tur [Bacterical activity of saliva and blood serum of ruminant animals against different tipes of test-microbe] / E.S.Pokrovskaya, N.N. KHusnutdinov, N.S.Karaganova // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskoj gosudarstvennoj akademii veterinarnoj meditsiny im. N.EH. Baumana. – 2012. – Vol. 3. – P. 123-126.
10. A novel electrochemical aptamer-antibody sandwich assay for lysozyme detection / C.Ocaña, A.Hayat, R.Mishra [et al.] // Analyst. – 2015. – Vol. 140. – P. 4148–4153.
11. Benkerroum, N. Antimicrobial activity of lysozyme with special relevance to milk / N.Benkerroum // African Journal of Biotechnology. – 2008. – ¹ 7 (25). – Ð. 4856–4867.
12. Bernstein, J.M. Mucosal immunology of the upper respiratory tract / J.M.Bernstein // Respiration. – 1992. – Vol. 59. – P. 3–13.
13. Jesse Joel, T. Antimicrobial activity of lysozyme against oral pathogens / T.Jesse Joel, S.Suguna, S.R.Steffi // Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care. – 2016. – Vol 8 (2). – P. 42–46.
14. Biochemical and proteomic investigation of bovine nasal secretion / M.Faizal Ghazali [et al.] // Farm animal proteomics: Ðroceedings of the 3rd managing Committee meeting and 2d meeting of Working Groups 1, 2 and 3 of cost Action FA 1002. – Wageningen Academic Publidhers, 2012. – Ð. 63–66.

   
   
Title:

UDC 619:616.98:578.831.31-036.22:636.4(470.51) EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE-RESPIRATORY SYNDROME «VOSTOCHNY» PIG FARM

   
Authors: Safronov D.I. – postgraduate; Maximova E.V. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences.
   
Address:
Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Izhevsk (e-mail: info@izhgsha.ru).

   
Abstract:
PRRS virus is wide spread all over the world. Russian Federation is no exception. Unfortunately the disease causes serious damage to pig production, manifesting itself in the form of abortions, weak progeny and respiratory pathologies. The studies were conducted on different age groups of pigs (piglets, rearing, sows), belonging to the pig farm "Vostochny" in Zavyalovsky district, the Udmurt Republic. For serological studies the ELISA test kits manufactured by "Vetbiohim" and "Idexx" were used. Analysis of the epizootic situation showed that the farm had been infected with PRRS virus earlier. Half of the studied 20-30-days old piglets had PRRS specific antibodies. Later, this figure increased and by the time when the piglets were 120-days old 100 % of animals had specific antibodies. In the study of older age groups, over 90 % of the repair and sows infected with PRRS virus. At individual determination of the antibody titers in the studied animals, the figures become dissimilar. In piglets at the age of 20-30 and 40-60 days showed no reduction of antibody titers, which is expected as the colostral period ends. Among sows both sows with high and low titer antibodies were registered. All this allows to make a conclusion about the serologically unstable herd.

   
Keywords: pigs, reproductive-respiratory syndrome of pigs, ELISA, infection, seropositivity.
   
References:
1. Bajbikov, T. Z. Aktualnye virusnye bolezni svinej [Topical viral disease of pigs] / T.Z.Bajbikov // Infekcionnaya patologiya zhivotnyh – Animal infection pathologies: proceedings from the Int. scientific conference dedicated to the 50th anniversary of ARRIAH, Oct.21-24, 2008. – Vladimir, 2008. – P. 94-113.
2. Kukushkin, S. A. Epizootologiya i mery borby s reproduktivno-respiratornym sindromom svinej v mire i v Rossijskoj Federacii [Epidemiology and measures to control reproductive and respiratory syndrome of pigs in the world and in the Russian Federation] / S.A.Kukushkin // Veterinarnaya patologiya. – 2006. – ¹ 4. – P. 89-95.
3. Maksimova, E.V. Ocenka ehffektivnosti immunizacii svinej monovakcinoj protiv reproduktivno-respiratornogo sindroma svinej i v sochetanii s adaptogenom i immunomodulyatorom [Assessment of efficiency of immunization of pigs monovaccines against reproductive-respiratory syndrome of pigs in combination with an adaptogen and immunomodulator] / E.V.Maksimova, D.I.Safronov // Vestnik Izhevskoj gosudarstvennoj selskohozyajstvennoj akademii. – 2016. – ¹ 4. – P. 32-38.
4. Mashnin, D.V. Nekotorye kliniko-morfologicheskie aspekty reproduktivno-respiratornogo sindroma svinej v hozyajstvah Zapadnoj Sibiri [Some clinical and morphological aspects of reproductive and respiratory syndrome of pigs in the farms of Western Siberia] / D.V.Mashnin // Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. – 2007. – Ò.1, ¹ 13-1. – P. 72-74.
5. Mashnin, D.V. Proyavlenie reproduktivno-respiratornogo sindroma v svinovodcheskih hozyajstvah Omskoj oblasti [Manifestation reproductive and respiratory syndrome in pig farms in Omsk region] / D.V.Mashnin, V.I.Pleshakova, L.I.Drozdova // Agrarnyjvestnik Urala. – 2008. – ¹ 11. – P. 57-58.
6. Sostoyanie gumoralnoj i kletochnoj system immuniteta u svinej s reproduktivno-respiratornym sindromom svinej [The state of humoral and cellular immunity systems in swine reproductive-respiratory syndrome of pigs] / A. G. Klyuchnikov [et al.] // Veterinarnaya patologiya. – 2011. – ¹ 1-2. – P. 40-42.
7. Ksonz, I.M. Reproduktivno-respiratornij sindrom svinej [Reproductive-respiratory system] / I.M.Ksonz, P.Y.U.Grubich // Naukovij visnik LNUVMBT imeni S.Z.Gzhickogo. – ¹ 3. – 2014. – P. 176-193.

   
   
Title:

UDC 619:616.98:579.873.21 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SIMULTANEOUS TEST WITH DIFFERENT ALLERGENS

   
Authors: 1Baratov M.O. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences; 2Sakidibirov O.P. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences.
   
Address:
1Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute, Makhachkala (e-mail: pznivi@bk.ru).

2Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M.M.Dzhambulatov, Makhachkala (e-mail: daggau@list.ru).
   
Abstract:
Nonspecific reactions to tuberculin are widespread. For their differentiation, a number of methods have been proposed, of which the method of simultaneous assay has received the greatest recognition. However, in the available literature there is very little data on the comparative study of the sample with different allergens. In the present work, a comparative analysis of the simultaneous test with PPD-tuberculin for mammals and KAM, with PPD-tuberculin for mammals and PPD for tuberculin for birds was carried out. Experiments were carried out using 3782 animals (cows and heifers) which responded to tuberculin in nine tuberculosis-free farms in all natural and climatic zones of the republic. The studies showed that in two highland farms the reliability of the reaction was more expressed in CAM, in one farm the results remained uncertain. In the foothill farm the results remained undefined in 2 positively reacted animals with a larger throbbing in the skin fold on tuberculin for birds. In the three flat farms, the reaction was more pronounced with tuberculin for birds. Thus, in the mountain farms where representatives of the 4 group of atypical mycobacteria caused the animal sensitization, the diagnostic significance of the simultaneous test with CAM was higher. In foothill and flat areas the isolates of 3 groups of atypical mycobacteria were mainly isolated in the environment and biomaterial, that explains the significance of the test with PPD-tuberculin for birds.

   
Keywords: PPD-tuberculin, CAM, simultaneous test, nonspecific reactions, differentiation, atypical mycobacteria.
   
References:
1. Baratov, M.O. Epizooticheskie osobennosti i usovershenstvovanie metodov diagnostiki tuberkuleza krupnogo rogatogo skota v usloviyah Dagestana.[Epizootic features and improvement of methods for bovine tuberculosis detection in Dagestan]: Abstract from thesis for Candidate of Veterinary Medicine / M.O.Baratov. – Stavropol, 2016. – 195 p.
2. Gulyukin, M. M. Metodicheskie nastavleniya po provedeniyu issledovanij pri mikobakteriozah zhivotnyh [ Methodical instructions for conducting studies in animal mycobacteriosis]. / A.H.Najmanov, N.P.Ovdienko, V.A.Vedernikov [et al.]; Ya.R.Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Vterinary. – Moscow, 2012. – 85 p.
3. Donchenko, A.S. Diagnostika tuberkuleza KRS [Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis] / A.S.Donchenko, N.P.Ovdienko, N.A.Donchenko. – Novosibirsk: “Tseris”, 2004. – 306 p.
4. Ionina, S.V. Vzaimosvyaz cirkulyacii atipichnyh mikobakterij tuberkulyoza vo vneshnej srede s proyavleniem tuberkulinovyh reakcij u sel'skohozyajstvennyh zhivotnyh [Interrelation of the circulation of atypical mycobacterium tuberculosis in the external environment with the manifestation of tuberculin reactions in farm animals] / Ionina S.V., Donchenko N.A., Donchenko A.S. // Innovacii i prodovol'stvennaya bezopasnost. – 2016. – ¹ 1 (11). – P. 41–44.
5. Martma, O. V. Paraallergicheskie reakcii na tuberkulin i ih differenciaciya [Parallergic reactions to tuberculin and their differentiation ] // O.V.Martma, K.K.Tyahnas. – Veterinariya. – 1978. – ¹4. – P. 35-38.
6. Najmanov, A. H. Allergicheskaya diagnostika mikobakterialnyh infekcij krupnogo rogatogo skota. [Allergic diagnosis of mycobacterial infections in cattle]: Abstract from thesis for Doctor of Veterinary Medicine / A.H.Najmanov – Moscow, 1993. – 29 p.
7. Ovdienko, N. P. Epizootologiya i diagnostika tuberkuleza krupnogo rogatogo skota v usloviyah intensifikacii zhivotnovodstva. [Epizootology and diagnosis of cattle tuberculosis in conditions of intensification of livestock]: Abstract from thesis for Doctor of Veterinary Medicine/ N.P.Ovdienko. – Moscow, 1990. – 49 p.
8. Spiridonova, G.G. Znachenie nekotoryh diagnosticheskih testov v differenciacii tuberkulinovyh reakcij. [The significance of some diagnostic tests in the differentiation of tuberculin reactions] G.G.Spiridonova // Nauchnoe obespechenie veterinarnyh problem v zhivotnovodstve. – Novosibirsk, 1999. – P. 273–275

 
   
Title:

UDC 619:616.391:636.32/.38 NORMALIZATION OF THE METABOLISM AT SHEEP

   
Authors: 1Pozov S.A. – Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor; 1Porublyov V.A. – Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor; 1Kireev I.V. – Candidate of Biological Sciences; 2Orlova N.E. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences.
   
Address:
1Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol (e-mail: porvlad@mail.ru).

2Skryabin K.I. Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow (tel. +7(8352) 39-74-93

   
Abstract:
Feeding sheep with fodders enriched with monoñarbamidemonocalcium sulphate (MKMKF) (10 g) and combinations with minerals (MKMKF 10g, sulfate copper - 10 mg, chloride cobalt - 2 mg, iodine – 0.3 mg) during 40 days improved and brought into norm rumen digestion and metabolism processes, increased average daily weight gain respectively for 19.8 and 23% (in comparison with the controls). Combination of monocarbamide-monocalcium sulphate and copper, cobalt, and iodine elements had more expressed effect on sheep body. By the end of the experiment number of hemoglobin increased in comparison with the initial parameter for 2.08 g, number of erythrocytes - for 2.47 million, calcium content – for 2.3 mg %, inorganic phosphorus – for 0.9 mg%, acid capacity – for 128 mg % and total protein content – for 1.8g %. Copper content level exceeded norm for 2.5 times and reached 3-3.4 mg/l at 35-40 days. Cobalt content was below for 0.012-0.018 mg/l than norm (norm 0.03 – 0.04) before the experiment, and at 35-40 days it reached the norm. By the end of the experiment rumen pH increased for 0.5, infusoria number – for 186.6 thousand units/mm3, volatile fatty acids – for 1.65 ml/100 ml of contents, total and protein nitrogen respectively for 77 and 56.3 mg % and ammonia content reduced by 4.68 mg% (in comparison with initial parameters). The positive action of this additive is associated with improvement of rumen digestion as a result of increasing number of infusoria in forestomach, their synthesis of volatile fatty acids, B12 vitamin and protein from nonprotein nitrogen, with higher nutrient availability in forage and activation of metabolism processes.

   
Keywords: digestion, minerals, weight gain, combination, vitamin, copper, cobalt, iodine, protein, efficiency, top dressing, diet, comprehensibility.
   
References:
. Pozov, S.A. Fiziologicheskoe sostoyanie telyat pod vliyaniem dobavok mikroehlementov [Calves physiological parameters at using mineral additives] / S.A.Pozov, L.G.Nezhdanova, L.N.Komarova // Aktualnye voprosy diagnostiki, profilaktiki i borby s boleznyami selskohozyajstvennyh zhivotnyh – Current issues of diagnosis, prevention and control of farm diseases: proceedings from the Int.scientific conf.dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Stavropol Veterinary Research Station. – Stavropol, 1999. – P. 305–307. 4. Pozov, S.A. Vliyanie medi, kobalta i fitobiostimulyatora (FBS) na kliniko-gematologicheskie pokazateli u ovec [The effect of copper, cobalt, and phytostimulant on sheep clinical and blood parameters] / S.A.Pozov, V.A.SHalygina // Sostoyanie, perspektivy i strategiya razvitiya i nauchnogo obosnovaniya ovcevodstva i kozovodstva Rossijskoj Federacii – State of the art, development prospectives and strategies and scientific justification of sheep- and goat-breeding in the Russian Federation: proceedings from the Int.scientific conf. – Stavropol, 2007. – CH. 3. – P.78–82.
5. Pozov, S.A. Vliyanie podkormok mikroehlementami i fitobiostimulyatora (FBS) na nekotorye fiziologicheskie pokazateli ovec [The effect of using mineral and plant additives on some sheep physiological parameters]/ S.A.Pozov, V.A.SHalygina, E.A.Halimonova // Diagnostika, lechenie, profilaktika zabolevanij s/h zhivotnyh – Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of farm animals: proceedings from the 71st scientific conference, Stavropol, April 17-19, 2007. – Stavropol: AGRUS, 2007. – P. 76–77.
6. Vliyanie podkormok mikroehlementami i fitobiostimulyatorom (FBS) na produktivnost i sohrannost ovec [The effect of using mineral and plant additives on sheep production and survival rates] / S.A.Pozov, YU.V.Belyj, N.E.Orlova, V.A.Shalygina // Ovcy, kozy i sherstnoe delo. – 2008. – ¹ 3. – P. 50–52.
7. Shalygina, V.A. Vliyanie podkormki mikroehlementami i fitobiostimulyatora (FBS) na dinamiku gematologicheskih pokazatelej u yagnyat [The effect of using mineral and plant additives on lamb blood parameters] / V.A.Shalygina, S.A.Pozov // Diagnostika, lechenie, profilaktika zabolevanij s/h zhivotnyh – Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of farm animals: collection of articles of Stavropol state agrarian academy – Stavropol: AGRUS, 2008. – P. 160–162.
8. Pozov, S.A. Vliyanie mikroehlementov i fitobiostimulyatora (FBS) na pokazateli ovec [The effect of using mineral and plant additives on sheep parameters] / S.A.Pozov, V.A.Shalygina // Veterinariya. – 2008. – ¹ 9. – P. 51–54.
9. Orlova, N.E. Biogeohimicheskie provincii i svyazannye s nimi mikroehlementozy zhivotnyh: monografiya [The biochemical provinces and the associated mineral shortage in animal body: manuscript] / N.E.Orlova, V.A.SHalygina, S.A.Pozov. – Stavropol: AGRUS, 2008. – 132 p.
10. Pozov, S.A. Mikroehlementozy zhivotnyh v biogeohimicheskih provinciyah: monografiya [Mineral shortage in animals in biochemical provinces: manuscript] / S.A.Pozov, N.E.Orlova. – Germany: LAP, 2012. – 148 p.
11. Pozov, S.A. Mikroehlementy plazmy krovi i ehritrocitov u ovec pri bronhopnevmonii v associacii s sarkocistozom [Mineral content and erythrocyte number in sheep blood at associated bronchopneumonia and sarcocystic infection] / S.A.Pozov, V.A.SHalygina, S.A.EHziev // Diagnostika, lechenie, profilaktika zabolevanij s/h zhivotnyh – Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of farm animals: collection of articles of Stavropol state agrarian academy. – Stavropol: AGRUS, 2010. – P. 41–42.
12. Znachenie mikroehlementov v profilaktike smeshannyh zabolevanij s/h zhivotnyh [The effect of using mineral in prevention of associated diseases of farm animals] / S.A.Pozov, V.A.Porublev, N.E.Orlova [et al.] // Veterinarny vrach. – 2014. – ¹ 4. – P. 64–66.

   
   
Title:

UDC 636.084:577.15 METHOD OF LACCASE ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT

   
Authors: Biktashev R.U. – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences.
   
Address:
Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan (e-mail: vnivi@mail.ru).

   
Abstract:
The article discusses the problem of optimal crude cellulose content in animal diets, significance of laccase acnivity for lignin biodegradation, utilization of cattle-breeding waste, development of effective microorganism strains for technological processes of raw material treatment in textile industry. A rapid method of laccase activity evaluation, data on làccase activity for grain crops and legume plants during vegetation period are provided. The studies showed that rump, bluegrass, ryegrass, foxtail and timothy have the highest laccase activity. Generally grain crops prevail legume plants in laccase activity. As plants ripen cellulose accumulates and laccase acticity decreases, that is these changes take place in inverted dependence. Therefore, legume plants must be mowed during budding phase and grain crops must be mowed in phase of earing. Moreover, this method is claimed in selection of effective microorganism strains.

   
Keywords: crude fiber, lignin, laccase, activity, definition.
   
References:
1. Otbor ligninrazrushayuchih gribov dlya biotehnologicheskih prosessov [Selection of lignindestroying mycetes for biotechnological prosesses] / G.P.Altksandrova [et al.] // Prikladnaya biohimiya i mikrobiologiya. – 1998. – ¹ 3. – P. 270-275.
2. Andreeva, V.A. Ferment peroksidaza. Uchastie v zachitnom mehanizme rasteniy [Peroxidase enzyme. Participation in protective mechanism of plants] / V.A.Andreeva. – Moscow: Science, 1988. – 128 p.
3. Golovleva, L.A. Biodegradaciya lignina [Biodegradation of lignin] / L.A.Golovleva, A.A.Leontyevsky // Uspehi microbiologii. – Vol. 24. – Moscow: Science, 1990. – P. 128-155.
4. Dixson, M., Webb E. Fermenty. – Vol. 1-2. [Enzymes] / M.Dixson, E.Webb. – Vol. 1-2. – Moscow: Mir, 1982. – 183p.
5. Kanarsky, A.V. Ispolzovanie otkhodov pererabotky rzhi v proizvodstve kormovogo belka mikrobiologicheskim sposobom [Rye processing waste utilization in production of fodder protein by microbiological method] / A.V.Kanarsky [et al.] // Biotehnologiya. – 2000. – ¹ 3. – P. 42-47.
6. Kisluhina, O.V. Fermenty v proizvodstve pischy i kormov [Enzymes in production of food and fodder] / O.V.Kisluhina. – Moscow: DeLi Print, 2002. – 336 p.
7. Koroleva, O.V. Vydelenie, ochistka i nekotorye fiziko-himicheskie harakteristiky lakkazy is bazidiomiceta Coriolus zonatus [Isolation, purification and some physical and chemica characteristics of laccase from bazydiomycete Coriolus zonatus] / O.V.Koroleva [et al.] // Prikladnaya biohimiya i mikrobiologiya. – 1998. – ¹ 5. – P.490-494.
8. Lebedeva, V.I. Isseledovanie fiziko-himicheskih svojstv rastvorov okislitelno-vosstanovitelnyh fermentov [Physical and chemical propertyes investigation in solutions of oxidizing and restorating enzymes] / V.I.Lebedeva [et al.] // Tekstilnaya himiya. – 1993. – ¹ 14. – P. 69-74.
9. Levit, M.N. Lignin I ligninazy [Lignin and ligninases] / M.N.Levit [et al.] // Bioorganicheskaya himiya. – 1992. – ¹ 3. – P. 309-345.
10. Leontyevsky, A.A. Sravnitelnaya kharakteristika oksidazy-1 griba Parrus tigrinus 8/18 I lakkazy Coriolus versicolor VKM F-116 [Comporative characteristic of Parrus tigrinus mycete 8/18 oxidase-1 and laccase of Coriolus versicolor VKM F-116] / A.A.Leontyevsky [et al.] // Biohemiya / – 1996. – ¹ 10. – P. 1785-1792.
11. Sravnitelnoe izychenie rastvjrimoy i immobilizovannoy fenoloxidazy griba Mycelia sterilia IBR 35219/2 [Comporative investigation of soluble and immobilized phenoloxidase of Vycelia sterilia IBR 35219/2] / N.I.Mcyedlishvily [et al.] // Prikladnaya biohimiya i mikrobiologiya. – 2000. – ¹ 2. – P. 138-142.
12. Cheshkova, A.V. Fermenty I tekhnologii dlya textilya, moyuchih sredstv, kozhy, mekha: Ucheb. posobie dlya vuzov [Enzymes and technologyes for textile, washing means, skin, fur: textbook for institutes] / A.V.Cheshkova [et al.] // Ivanovo: Ivanovo State Chemical and Technological University. – 2007. – 282 p.
13. Cheshkova, A.V. Fermentativnaya podgotovka tkanej [Enzymatic prepare of textile] / A.V.Cheshkova [et al.] // Tehnologiya tekstilnoy promyshlennosti. – 1992. – ¹ 2. – P. 51-56.
14. Cheshkova, A.V. Destruktsia lignina khlopka i lna fermentami [Destruction of cotton and flax lignin by enzymes] / A.V.Cheshkova [et al.] // Tekstilnaya himiya. – 1993. – ¹ 1 (3). – P. 70-75.
15. Koroleva, O.V. Production of lignin modifying enzymes by co-cultivated by white-Rot fungi Cerrena maxima and coriolus hircutus and characterization of laccase from Cerrena maxima // Enzyme and microbial technology. – 2002. – ¹ 30. – Ð. 1-8.

   
   
Title:

UDC 636.2.034:612.1 THE LEVEL OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD VALUESAS THE ASSESSMENT OF THE REGULATION OF RUMINAL DIGESTION IN LACTATION COWS

   
Authors: Fattakhova Z.F. – Candidate of Biological Sciences; Shakirov Sh.K. – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor.
   
Address:
Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture – Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Kazan (e-mail: fattahova.zf@mail.ru).

   
Abstract:
The identification of links between the level of morphological and biochemical animal blood serum values is highly interesting when the feeding level is changed for comparative analysis of the feeding stuff nutrient utilization and for productivity prediction. In view of the above the scientific and economic experiment on sensitivity analysis of the nutritional intervention of ruminal digestion regulators I-Sak 1026 and Novatan 50 on blood values was run for lactation cows. Studies on feeding live yeast culture I-Sak 1026 were conducted under the conditions of Commercial dairy farm LLC “AK Bars Agro” of Arsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT), and on Novatan 50 – in the Central branch of CJSC “Biruli” of Vysokogorsky district of RT. As a result of the conducted studies it has been established that the red blood count at the intake of I-Sak 1026 (10 g per animal per day) and Novatan 50 (12 g per animal per day) in the lactation cow’s organism increases by 14.2% (p<0,05) and 19,9% (p<0,05), and the content of hemoglobin only when applying I-sak 1026increases by 14,3 %(ð<0,05). The use of I-Sak 1026 and Novatan 50 in feeding lactation cows increases the activity of protein and carbohydrate metabolisms, and reduces the intensity of lipid metabolism. The crude protein content of blood serum increases by 6.6% (p<0.01) and 13.7% (p<0.01), of globulins – by 4.5% (p<0.05) and 15.1% (p<0.01), of glucose − by 24.4% (p<0.05) and 23.7% (p<0.05), the cholesterol content decreases by 71.1% (p<0.01) and 15.1% (p<0.05), and the triglyceride content – by 33.3% (p<0.05) and 21.74% (ð<0.05).

   
Keywords: blood, cow, ruminal digestion regulators, morphological values, biochemical values.
   
References:
1. Aliev, A.A. Obmen veshhestv u zhvachnyh zhivotnyh [Metabolism in ruminants] / A.A.Aliev. − Moscow: NIC Inzhener, 1997. – 296 p.
2. Gilmutdinov, R.Ja. Issledovanie krovi zhivotnyh (Metodicheskie aspekty) [Animal blood analyses (methodological aspects) / R.Ja.Gilmutdinov, R.Z.Kurbanov. − Kazan: Izdatelstvo Tatarskogo gosudarstvennogo gumanitarnogo instituta, 2000. − 240 p.
3. Gromyko, E.V. Ocenka sostojanija organizma korov metodami biohimii [Cow health evaluation using biochemical methods] // Jekologicheskij vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza. – 2005. − ¹ 2. – P. 80−94.
4. Krupin E.O. Racionalnoe ispolzovanie rzhi v kormlenii dojnyh korov [Rational use of rye in dairy cow ration] / E.O.Krupin, Sh.K.Shakirov, I.T.Bikchantaev // Dostizhenija nauki i tehniki APK. – 2015. – Vol. 29. – ¹ 11. – P. 84–87.
5. Kuznecov, S.G. Biohimicheskie kriterii [Biochemical criteria] / S.G.Kuznecov // Zhivotnovodstvo Rossii. – 2003. – ¹ 2. – P. 12–13.
6. Menkova, A.A. Vlijanie mineral'nogo pitanija na azotistyj obmen u telok [The effect of mineral feeding on nitrogen metabolism in heifers] / A.A.Menkova // Zootehnija. – 2003. – ¹ 4. – P. 10–11.
7. Plemjashov, K.K. Proizvodstvennoe dolgoletie korov Leningradskoj oblasti [Industrial lifespan in cows in Leningrad region] / K.K.Plemjashov // Veterinarija. – 2008. – ¹ 2. – P. 9–11.
8. Redzhepkulyev, M.K. Ispolzovanie proteina korovami po fazam laktacii [Protein use in cows according to lactation phases] / M.K.Redzhepkulyev // Zootehnija. – 1992. – ¹ 5. – P. 17–19.
9. Tkachenko, T.E. Svjaz' biohimicheskih pokazatelej krovi s molochnoj produktivnostju [Correlation of blood biochemical parameters and dairy production]/ T.E. Tkachenko // Zootehnija. – 2003. – ¹ 4. – P. 17–20.
10. Fattahova, Z.F. Morfologicheskie i biohimicheskie pokazateli krovi laktirujushhih korov pri vkljuchenii v racion preparata Novatan 50 [Morphological and biochemical parameters in lactating cows at application of Novatan 50 drug in ration]/ Z.F. Fattahova, Sh.K. Shakirov, F.K. Ahmetzjanova, N.N. Muhametgaliev // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskoj gosudarstvennoj akademii veterinarnoj mediciny im. N.Je. Baumana. – 2012. – T. 212. – P. 190–195.
11. Impact of feeding yeast culture on milk yield, milk components, and blood components in algerian dairy herds / M.A.Ayad, B.Benallou, M.S.Saim, M.A.Smadi // Veterinary Science & Technology. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – Ð. 11–14.
12. Danesh Mesgaran, M. Milk production, milk fatty acid composition, and blood biochemical parameters of Holstein dairy cows fed whole or ground flaxseed instead of extruded soybeans in the first half of lactation / M.Danesh Mesgaran, R.Jafari Jafarpoor, S.Danesh Mesgaran // Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – Ð. 203–209.
13. Relationship between milk yield, stage of lactation, and some blood serum metabolic parameters of dairy cows / A.Jóźwik [et al.] // Czech Journal Animal Science. – 2012. – ¹ 57. – Ð. 353–360.