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¹ 1, 2014

  Toxicology
   
Title:

BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE RAT LIVER FUNCTION AT EXPOSURE TO BOTH EXPERIMENTAL T-2 TOXICOSIS AND AEROSIL

   
Authors: Kotsiumbas I.Y.- Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor; Fedyakova O.I.- postgraduate; Brezvyn O.M.- Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, staff scientist.
   
Address: State Research Control Institute for Veterinary Medicals and Feed Additives Control (Donetska str., 11, Lviv 79019, Ukraine).
   
Abstract: The article describes the effects of T-2 toxin on the functional state of rat liver after a single intragastric introduction at a dose of 1/10 LD50. The studies showed that T -2 toxin introduction into the body causes blood chemistry alterations.
Increased activity alanine transaminase enzymes for 16-116 % and aspartate transaminase for 65-69 % indicates hepatocytes toxic damage and their membrane permeability increase. Also, significant increase of  alkaline phosphatase and ?-glutamyltransferase at 2-5 days.
Aerosil introduction in 200 mg/kg body weight ratio improves the parameters closer to that of control animals. Along with the data reflecting metabolism state the obtained results suggest a positive effect of aerosil at rats acute toxic poisoning with T-2 toxin at 0.67 mg/kg body weight dose.
   
Keywords: T- 2 toxicosis, alanine transaminaze, aspartate transaminaze, alkaline phosphatase, ?-glutamyltransferase
   
References: 1. Artyuh V.P, Goyster O.S. Khmelnitskiy G.À, Starodub N.F.Trihotetsenovye mikotoksiny: priroda, biotransformatsiya, biologicheskiye effekty [Trichothecinum mycotoxins: their nature, biotransformation, biological effects]//Sovr. probl. toxicol. – Current problems of toxicology. 2002. Vol.4. P. 19?26.
2. Gorjachkovsky A.M. Klinicheskaya biohimiya v laboratornoy diagnostike [Clinical biochemistry in laboratory diagnostics]. - Odessa: Ekologiya - Ecology, 2005. 616 p.
3. Ivanov A.V., Gorjachkovskij A.M., Tremasov M. Ya, Papunidi K.H., Chulkov A.K. Mikotoksikozy zhivotnyh (etiologiya, diagnostika, kecheniye, profilaktika)[Animal mycotoxicoses(etiology, diagnostics, treatment, prevention). - Ìoscow: Kolos, 2008. 140 p.
4. Kotik À., Trufanova V. Profilaktika m³kotoksikoziv ptitsi [Poultry mycotoxicoses prevention]//Tvarinnitstvo Ukraini – Animal breeding in Ukraine. 2001. Vol. 4. P. 20-21.
5. Nikiforov A.P. Aktivnost fermentov syvorotki krovi muzhchin i zhenshchin pri nekotoryh patologicheskih sostoyaniyah [Activity of men and women blood serum enzymes at some pathologies]// Klinicheskaya labratornaya diagnostika - Clinical laboratory diagnostics. 1995. Vol. 1. P.14-15.
6. Bamburg J.R. Biological and biochemical actions of trichothecene mycotoxins//Progr. Mol. and Subcell. Biol. 1983. Vol. 8, ¹ 1. P. 41?110.
7. Davern T.J., Scharschmidt B.F. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and liver disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management//Biochemical liver tests. 7th ed. - Saunders, Philadelphia, 2002 P.1227 - 1228.
8. Yansen L., Zhanhui W. Ross C. et al. T-2 toxin, a Trichotecene Mycotoxin: Reviev of Toxicity, Metabolism, and Analytical Methods//Agric. Food chem. 2011. N 59. P. 3441-3453.
   
   
Title:

BIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION CONTROL

   
Authors: Eremeev I.M.- postgraduate; Ivanov E.N.- Candidate of Biological Sciences, senior staff scientist; Matrosova L.E.- Candidate of Biological Sciences; Semenov E.I.- Candidate of Biological Sciences, head of laboratory; Tremasov M.Ya.- Doctor of Biological S
   
Address: Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation, and Biological Safety, Kazan (E-mail: vnivi@mail.ru).
   
Abstract: The article provides prospects of using a biological method for detoxication of forages contaminated with mycotoxins. Laboratory decontamination of forages from mycotoxins was done using a biological method, and its efficiency was evaluated for veterinary practice. Compound animal feeding stuff challenged or naturally contaminated with mycotoxins were used as an object for investigation. The biological properties of cultures were evaluated by determining morphological, physiological and pathogenic properties. Morphological properties of strains were determined by smears microscopic studies from agar or culture broth cultures stained according to Gram.
Microorganisms cultural properties were evaluated according to their growth in liquid (MPB) and on dense (MPAS) nutrient media. Feeding of laboratory (rats, rabbits) and livestock (sheep, piglets) animals with the preparation-treated forages allowed considerable reduction of aflatoxin B1 affect on animal organism. Moreover, metabolic processes largely intensified evidencing decontamination effect of microorganisms on mycotoxin- contaminated forage.
At the end of experiment the rats from each group were euthanized and pathomorphological studies were done. The experiment results testify the absence of pathogenic properties at the studied strains. Therefore, the studied microorganisms strains have detoxication activity towards B1 aflatoxin that is very promising for development of new biological products for forages detoxication from mycotoxins.
   
Keywords: mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1, neutralizanion, daily culture, feed
   
References: 1. Antipov V.A., V. F., Kutishcheva T.G. Mikotoksikozy - vazhnaya problema zhivotnovodstva [Mycotoxicoses is an important problem in livestock breeding]//Veterinaria.2007. Vol.11.P.7-9.
2. Antonov B.I. Laboratornye issledovaniya v veterinarii: biohimicheskiye I mikologicheskiye [Laboratory studies in veterinary: biochemical and mycological ones]. - Moscow. Agropromizdat, 1991.288p.
3. Brylin A. Peredovye tehnologii obezvrezhivaniya kormov [The advanced techniques of fodder decontamination]// Kombikorma - Mixed fodders. 2008. Vol.4. P.81-82.
4. Dorozhkin V.I., Ivanov V.G. Profilaktika milotoksikozov u zhivotnyh[prevention of animal toxicoses]//I Congress of veterinary pharmacologists of Russia. Voronezh June, 21-23st, 2007: congress proceedings. - Voronezh, 2007. P.699
5. Ivanov A.V., Tremasov M.Ya, Papunidi K.H., etc. Mikotoksikozy zhivotnyh (etiologiya, diagnostika, lecheniye, profilaktika) [animal mycotoxicoses (etiology, diagnostics, treatment, prevention)]. Ìoscow: Kolos, 2008. 177 p.
6. Papazyan T.L.Mikotoksiny: ekonomicheskiy risk [Mycotoxicoses: economic risk and control]. – Ìoscow. LLC “Olltek”. 2010. 65 p.
7. Sudakin D.S., Wagner S.I. Human pesticide exposures: Trends and informational needs. [North American Congress of clinical toxicology Annual Meeting, Monreal, Oct 4-9, 2001]//S. Toxicol. Clin Tixicol. 2001 V. 39. N5. P.528.
   
   
Title:

DIOXIN INFLUENCE ON CHICKEN BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL BLOOD PARAMETERS

   
Authors: Papunidi K.Kh. - Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor; Korchemkin A.A. – postgraduate; Kadikov I.R. - Candidate of Biological Sciences, senior staff scientist; Vafin I.F. - Candidate of Biological Sciences, senior staff scientist; Idiatov I.I.- staff
   
Address: Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan (E-mail: vnivi@mail.ru).
   
Abstract: Due to the intensive development of the poultry industry in Russia and around the world, as well as increased number of cases of toxicants including dioxins detections, in food, animal products and forage. Based on this, we studied the nature of long-term chicken exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin in small concentrations and evaluated blood biochemical and immunological parameters. In our experiments we used the layers of “Highsex Brown”cross-country with 1.5 kg of live weight aged 140 days. The birds had the same feeding and housing conditions. Total protein, protein fractions ratio, qualitative and quantitative parameters of the immune system were evaluated. The investigation showed that toxicant introduction at 1/400 LD 50 dose alters biochemical parameters, natural resistance, and immunobiological response. Birds poisoning with dioxin in 1/800 LD 50 dose results in less changes, no chicken reaction at 0.17 mg/kg of body weight (1/1200 LD 50) ratio is reported.
   
Keywords: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, prolonged exposure, chicken, total protein, protein fractions, natural resistance
   
References: 1. Papunidi K.H., Shkuratova I.A. Tehnogenniye zagryazneniya okruzhayushchey sredy kak faktor zabolevayemosti zhivotnyh [human-induced envronmental contamination as a factor of animal sickness rate//the Veterinarny vrach. 2000. Vol. 2. P. 56-60.
2. Ivanov A.V., Novikov V.A., Tremasov M.Ya., Papunidi K.H. Rekomedatsii po diagnostike, profilaktike i lecheniyu toksikozov zhivotnyh, vyzvannyh dioksinami [Recommendations on detection, prevention, and treatment of animal toxicoses caused by dioxins]. Moscow: Federal State Research Organization "Rosinformagroteh", 2006. 16 p.
3. Khudoley V.V. Dioksinovaya opasnost v gorode [Dioxin dager in city]. - S.Petersburg: Chemistry Research Institute of St.Petersburg State University, 2000. 173 p.
4. Novikov V.A., Ivanov A.A., Ivanov A.V., Tremasov M.Ya. Lecheniye zhivotnyh pri otravlenii dioksinom [Treatment of animals poisoned with dioxin//Veterinariya. 2006. Vol.10. P. 49-52.
5. Tremasov M.Ya., Ivanov A.A. Dioksin vnov vernulsya [Dioxin is back again]//the Veterinarny vrach. 2011. Vol.1. P. 2-3.
6. Parfenyuk A.S., Antonyuk S.I., Toporov A.A. Dioksiny: Problema tehnogennoy bezopasnosti tehnologiy termicheskoy pererabotki uglerodistyh othodov [A technogenic safety problem of carbonic wastes thermal processing //Ekotehnologii i resursosberezheniye - Ecotechnology and resource-saving. 2002. Vol.6. P.40-44.
7. Papunidi K.H., Tremasov M.Ya., Novikov V.A. Dioksiny: opasnst, profilaktika i lecheniye, perspektivy issledovanya [Dioxins: danger, prevention and treatment, research prospects]//the Veterinarny vrach. 2010. vol.5. p. 25-28.
   
   
Title:

RABBIT ULTRASTRUCTURE CORTEX STUDY AT AFFECT OF ECOTOXICANTS AND SOME DRUGS

   
Authors: 1Saitov V.R. - candidate of veterinary sciences, senior staff scientist, head of sector; 1Salnikova M.M. - candidate of Biological sciences, scientist; 2Malutina L.V. - candidate of Biological sciences, associate professor.
   
Address: 1Federal State Non-Profit Organization «Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation, and Biological Safety», Kazan (FCTRBS-ARRVI) (Tel. (843) 239-53-49, E-mail: vnivi@mail.ru).
2Kazan (Volga region) Federal University.
   
Abstract: In fact, various man-induced accidents and even catastrophes take place from time to time during accompanied by hazard substances issuance. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of toxins associated influence on biological objects, as well as development of measures and selection of specific therapeutic means including toxicological studies are of high importance. The aim of our studies was to investigate the associated affect of dioxin and lead acetate on white substance of rabbit brain cortex. 6 groups of rabbits were studied during 60 days. The first group – the control one – had a regular ration. The second one was introduced dioxin (0,15 mkg/kg bw), the third one was introduced lead acetate (65 mg/kg bw), the forth one – the both toxins at the same dosage, the fifth - the same toxins and zeolite (300mg/bw), the sixth group – dioxin, lead acetate (in the mentioned dosage) and sorbent dimephophone (90 mg/kg bw). The associated affect resulted in pathological alterations in ultrastucture od white substance of rabbit brain cortex, and using the therapeuticals protects the cells from destruction effect.
   
Keywords: ultrastructure, neurons, myelin sheaths, hyaloplasm, rabbits, dioxin, lead acetate
   
References: 1. Ivanov A.V., Papunidi K.H., Tremasov M.Ya, Kadikov I.R., Salnikova M.M., Saitov V.R., Osyanin K.A., Vafin I.F. Effektivnost lekarstvennyh sredstv pri sochetannom otravlenii zhivotnyh dioksinom i svintsom [Medicals efficiency at animal associated poisoning with ioxin and lead// Dostizheniya APK - Achievements of agrarian and industrial complex. 2012. Vol. 3. P. 58-62.
2. Kadikov I.R., Papunidi K.H., Saitov V.R., Osyanin K.A., Tremasov M.Ya. Otsenka pokazateley yestestvennoy rezistentnosti i ultrastruktury tkaney organizma krolikov pri schetannom travlenii ioksinom i svintsom [Evaluation of rabbit natural resistance parameters and tissue ultrastructure at associated poisoning with dioxin and lead]//Uchen.zapiski KGAVM. 2012. Vol. 210. P. 95-100.
3. Osyanin K.A. Vliyaniye sochetannogo deystviya dioksina i svintsa na ultrastrukturu kletok tkaney krolikov primeneniye sredstv lecheniya i profilaktiki [The influence of associated exposure to dioxine and lead on ltrastructure of rabbit tissue cells  and using prevention and treatment means]: dissertation of Candidate of Biological Sciences: 06.02.03., 03.03.04. / Osyanin Konstantin Anatolyevich. - Kazan, 2013. - 145 p.
4. Li H.W., Deng J.G., Du Z.C., Yan M.S., Long Z.X., Pham T.P., Yang K.D. Protective effects of mangiferin in subchronic developmentallead-exposed rats//Biol Trace Elem Res - 2013. V. 152. - N. 2. - P. 233-242.
5. Nguyen M.N., Nishijo M., Ngyuen A.T., Bor A., Nakamura T., Hori E., Nakagawa H., Ono T., Nishijo H. Effects of maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on PARVALBUMIN - and calbinin-immunoreactive neurons in the limbic system and superior colliculus in rat offspring//Toxicology. 2013. N. 6 V. 314. P. 125-134.
6. Sharifi, Mousavi S.H., Jorjani M. Effect of chronic lead exposure on pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression in rat hippocampus in vivo//Cell MolNeurobiol - 2010. V. 30. - N. 5. - P. 769-774.
7. Zang Y.U., Liu X.Z., Lu H., Mei L., Liu Z.P. Lipid Peroxidation and Ultrastructural Modifications in Brain after Perinatal Exposure to Lead and/or Cadmium in Rat Pups//Biomedical and environmental sciences. 2009. N. 22. P. 423-429.
  Infectious pathology
   
Title:

ÌOLECULAR AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS ISOLATES IDENTIFIED IN KAMSKOYE USTYE AREA OF REPUBLIC TATARSTAN

   
Authors: 1Semenova M.E.- postgraduate; 1Faizov T.Kh.- Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor ; 1Usoltsev K.V. - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, staff scientist; 1Hismatullina N.A.- Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor; 1Husniev F.A. - Candidate of Veterina
   
Address: 1Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety. Kazan E-mail: vnivi@mail.ru).
2GBI Kamskoye-Ustye Regional Veterinary Association of Republic Tatarstan.
   
Abstract: Currently, epizootic situation on cattle leucosis cattle remains tense. In Russia, of cattle transmittable diseases leucosis is the most wide spread. Due to the lack of early detection, treatment and efficient prevention measures leucosis elimination is of high priority.
The aim of this work was to characterize bovine leucosis virus (BLV), circulating the Republic of Tatarstan area, by identifying its subspecies. BLV proviral DNA was isolated from calves whole blood in milk farm Klyancheevo, Kamskoye Ustye municipal region of the Republic of Tatarstan. During the work 47 calf blood samples was studied; of them 26 proviral DNA was detected, indicating animal infection with BLV. Env - gene fragment of proviral DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , as a result amplicons of 444 base pairs (bp) were obained. Further, the obtained amplicons were subjected to restriction analysis using the following restriction enzyme: Pvu II, BamH I, Bcl I. The analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism based on BLV env- profiles interpretation according to D. Beier et al. (2001) showed that the studied cattle herds presumably had two circulating leucosis virus subtypes, one of which refers to the Belgian subgroup (15 samples) characterized by RFLP - fragments [Pvu II- RFLP (280/164 bp); BamH I- RFLP (444 bp) Ksp 22 I- RFLP (225/219 bp)], the other one, due to generation of RFLP profiles unique combination, probably refers to a subgroup unclassified before (11 samples) [Pvu II- RFLP ( 280/164 bp); BamH I - RFLP (444 bp); Ksp 22 I - RFLP (444 bp)].
   
Keywords: âovine leucosis virus (BLV), Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), restriction enzyme
   
References: 1. Smirnov P.N. Bolezn veka – leykoz krupnogo rogatogo skota [The century disease – cattle leucosis]. - Novosibirsk, 2007.
2. Petropavlovsky M.V., Donnik I.M., Tatarchuk A.T. Metodologiya snizheniya infetsirovannosti zhivotnyh virusom leykoza v ozdaravlivayemyh stadah krupnogo rogatogo skota [Methods of reducing cattle leucosis infection rate in infected herds]. - Ekaterinburg, 2009.
3. Drobot E.V. rezultaty izucheniya genotipicheskogo raznoobraziya virusa leykoza krupnogo rogatogo skota i osobennosti epizooticheskogo i gematologicheskogo proyavleniya [Results of studying genotypic diversity of cattle leucosis virus and its peculiarities of epizootic and hematological manifestation]: abstract from candidate of biological sciences dissertation. - Novosibirsk, 2007.
4. Asfaw Y., Tsuduku S., Konishi M., et al. Distribution and superinfection of bovine leukaemia virus genotypes in Japan//Arch. Virol. 2005. N150. P. 493-505.
5. Dube S., Abbott L., Dube D.K., Dolcini G., Gutierrez S., Ceriani Ñ, Juliarena M., Ferre J. R., Perzova R., Poiesz B.J. The complete genomic sequence of an in vivo low replicating BLV strain//J.Virol. 2009. ¹ 6. P. 120.
6. Beier D., Blankenstein P., Marquardt O., Kuzmak J. Identification of different BLV provirus isolates by PCR, RFLPA and DNA sequencing//Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr.2001 V. 114. ¹ 7-8. P. 252-256.
7. Fechner H., Blankenstein P., Looman A.C., Elwert J., Geue L., Albrecht C., Kurg A., Beier D., Marquardt O., Ebner D. Provirus variants of the bovine leukaemia virus and their relation to the serological status of naturally infected cattle//Virology. 1997 V. 237. ¹2. P. 261-239.
8. Shayeva A.Yu. Genotipicheskaya identifikatsiya virusa leykoza krupnogo rogatogo skota [Genotopic identification of cattle leucosis virus]: abstract from Candidate of Biological Sciences dissertation. - Kazan, 2011. 24p.
   
   
Title:

IMPROVING INACTIVATED EMULSION VACCINE AGAINST CATTLE CHLAMYDIOSIS

   
Authors: Evstifeev V.V. - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, associate professor, head of department; Nigmatullina D.I. - research assistant; Khousainov F.M. - Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, staff scientist; Barbarova L.A. - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, senior
   
Address: Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan E-mail: vnivi@mail.ru).
   
Abstract: Chlamydiosis successful elimination of in livestock farms was proved to be effective only providing anti-chlamydiosis immunity. In this regard vaccination of herds in infected farms is used to promote tensed anti-chlamydiosis immunity capable to resist to infection. While designing such vaccines, adjuvants are widely used due to immunogene activity of Chlamydia antigens. For designing "water in oil" emulsion vaccines a ready commercial Montanide ISA 70 adjuvant manufactured by Seppic company is widely used for cattle and pigs. Unlike Freund’s incomplete adjuvant which forms an emulsion with water antigen media in equal ratio (1:1) the proposed emulsion is done in 7:3 ratio (7 parts of adjuvant to 3 parts of water (antigen), therefore it has smaller viscosity and reactogenicity.The article provides trial results of three variants of inactivated emulsion vaccines against cattle chlamydiosis based on different adjuvans. All the investigated adjuvants were established to form resistant emulsions with chlamydia antigens. Vaccines based on them are sterile and harmless to safe for laboratory animals. However, during the experiment the evaluated biopreparations were found to have essential distinctions in viscosity, reactogenicity and antigenic activity.
   
Keywords: chlamydia, adjuvant, emulsion vaccine, laboratory animals, antigenic activity, cinematic viscosity, antigenic activity
   
References: 1. Hamadeev R.H., Evstifeev V.V., Husainov F.M., Barbarova L.A. Hlamidioz selskohozyaystvennyh zhivotnyh: diagnostika, mery borby i spetsificheskaya profilaktika [Livestock  Chlamidiosis: diagnostics, control and specific prevention measures// Veterinarny vrach. 2006. V 1. p.29-31.
2. Husainov F.M., Evstifeev V.V, Barbarova L.A. Otsenka effektivnosti sredstv spetsificheskoy profilaktiki hlamidiozov rogatogo skota i loshadey v hozyaystvah Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Efficiency evaluation of specific prevention measures of cattle and equine chlamidiosis in the Russian Federation farms] // Scientific and technical bulletin of Animal Biology Institute. 2009. Issue 10.Vol.3. P.192-195.
3. Shemelkov Å., Feodorov Yu., Antigennaya aktivnost vaktsiny protiv infektsionnyh bolezney sviney pri vklyuchenii v yeyo sostav adyuvantov [Antigenic activity of the vaccine against swine infectious diseases using adjuvants] //Veterinaria selskohozyaystvennyh zhivotnyh – livestock animals veterinary. 2011. Vol.4. P.21-25.
4. Attaullahanov R.I., Haitov R.M. Adjuvant v sostave vatsiny Soobsheniye 1. Mikro I nanochastitsy [Adjuvant as a part of vaccine. Report 1. Micro and nanoparticles]. //Immunologiya. 2011. Isuue.32. Vol.1. P. 37-43.
5. Attaullahanov R.I., Haitov R.M. Adjuvant v sostave vatsiny Soobsheniye 1. Maslyanye emulsii, liposomy, virosomy, arheosomy, ekzosomy [Adjuvant as a part of vaccine. Report 2. Oil emulsions, liposomes, virosomes, archeosomes, exosomes]. //Immunologiya. 2011. Issue.32. Vol.1. P. 101-106.
6. Evstifeev V.V., Husainov F.M., Barbarova L.A. Kliniko-epizootologicheskiye osobennosti I razrabotka sredstv spetsificheskoy profilaktiki hlamidioza selskohozyaystvennyh zhivotnyh [Livestock chlamidiosis clinical and epizootic features and development of specific prevention means]// Veterinarny Vrach. 2005. Vol.2. P.42-48.
7. Kazakov Í.À., Kamolov N.Sh. Usileniye postvaktsinalnogo immuniteta protiv anaplsmoza rogatogo skota pri pomoshchi adjuvantov [Using adjuvants to reinforce postvaccination immunity against cattle anaplasmosis] // International scientific journal on fundamental and applied issues of veterinary science. 2008. Vol. 4 (28). P. 121-123.
   
   
Title:

STANDARDIZATION OF 5584/24-8X Burkholderia mallei FIELD STRAIN

   
Authors: Ivanov A.V. - Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor, director, corresponding member of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Melnikova L.A. - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, staff scientist; Bukova N.K. - Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor;
   
Address: 1Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan(E-mail: vnivi@mail.ru).
2All-Russia State Centre for Standardization and Quality Control for Animal Medicals and Forages, (E-mail: bukova@vgnki.ru).
3Federal State Municipal Interprise «Kursks biofabric».
   
Abstract: Analyses of glanders epizootic stituation in various parts of the world, recommendations on measures required to prevent the infection contamination and spread including the ones for the disease timely detection and elimination are described in this paper.
Glanders epizootic and field strains isolated in Russian Federation are deposited maintained in the Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation, and Biological Safety. The paper presents investigation data on viability of cultural, morphological, biochemical, antigen, pathogen and virulent properties of 5584/24-8x lyophilized glanders field strain, which has been stored at 4-5? C in sealed vials in refrigerator from 1990 to 2013.The lyophilized 5584/24-8x strain was found to maintain its viability during 23 years (the survey period). However,at storage period over 13 years the initial concentration of viable bacterial cells was found to reduce for 10-20%, the properties remain unchanged if the storage period is less than 13 years.Regardless the storage period the 5584/24-8x strain retains its genetically assumed tinctorial and morphological, cultural, biochemical, serological and antigenic properties. The 3-fold intravenous inoculation of the 5584/24-8x strain irradiated antigen to rabbits with 7-days intervals induces the antibodies formation in blood serum at the high titers. At long storage period the 5584/24-8x strain lyophilized at 4-6? C the cells do not dissociate, lose pathogenicity or reduce their  virulence. At subcutaneous inoculaion of goldhamster at 10 IU per 1 sm3dosage the general semination of its organism is occurred. Basing  on the comprehensive study the 5584/24-8x strain was assumed the Master Seed status, and according to the  regulations of the articles 16, 17 of the Federal Law “About Technical Regulation” (184-FZ, 2002) the standard was drafted. The standard document presents the requirements to all stages of storing and maintaining of the 5584/24-8x glanders field strain.
   
Keywords: glanders, internanional standard, Master seed
   
References: 1. Sanitarniye pravila 1.2.011-94. Bezopasnost raboty s mikroorganizmami I-II gruppy patogennosti [Sanitation regulations 1.2.011-94. Operation safety in handling microorganisms of I-II group of pathogenicity. Belyakov V.D., et al.//Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epideemiologii, immunologii - The  Journal Microbiology, Epidemiology, Immunology. 1985. Vol.1. P.93-100.
2. Belyakov V.D., Ryapis L.A., Ilyukhin V.I. Psevdomonady i psevdomomonozy [Pseudomonades and pseudomonosis]. Moscow: Ìedicine, 1990. 224p.
3. Bukova N.K. Sap: razrabotka, kontrol i standartizatsiya diagnostikumov [Glanders: development, control and standartization of diagnosticums]: abstract from dissertation for Doctor of Biological Sciences: 16.00.03, 03.00.04/Bukova Natalia Konstantinovna - Moscow, 1999.-39p.
4. Epifantsev G. F. Sbornik nauchnyh rabot Sibirskogo naucho-issledovatelskogo veterinarnogo instituta [Collection of research works of Siberian Research Veterinary Institute]. - Omsk, 1968. Edition16. P.65.
5. Ivanov A.V., Yusupov R.H. Obespecheniye veterinarnogo blagopoluchiya zhivotnovodcheskih hozyaystv ot ososbo opasnyh infektsionnyh bolezney [Providing veterinary welfare in animal breeding farms from especially dangerous infectious diseases]//Proceedings from All-Russian scientific conference. - Kazan, 2005. P.302-306.
6. Ivanov A.V. Sovremennye aspekty biobezopasnosti [Current aspects of biosafety]//the Veterinarny Vrach. 2010. Vol.5. P.37-40.
7. Kovalev G.K. Sap (obzor) [Glanders (review)]//Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epideemiologii, immunologii - The Journal Microbiology, Epidemiology, Immunology. 1971. Vol.1. P.63-69.
8. Melnikov B.I., Piven N.N. K voprosu o vydelenii vozbuitelya sapa ot mongolskoy loshadi na Ulan-Udenskom myasokominate [To an issue on isolation of glanders inducing agent from the Mongolian horse at Uhlan-Udensky meat-processing plant]//Voprosy protivoepidemicheskoy zashchity - Issues of antiepidemic protection. - Moscow: Epiemiology and Microbiology Research Institute named after N.F.Gamaleya, 1987. Vol.33. P.49-54.
9. Onishchenko G.G. Borba s infektsionnymi - prioretetnaya tema pravitelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii na sammite gruppy vosmi v 2006 godu [Infection diseases control  is a priority task of the Russian Federation government at the Great 8 Summit in 2006.//Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epideemiologii, immunologii - The Journal Microbiology, Epidemiology, Immunology. 2006. P.3-7.
10. Piven N.N., Ilyukhin V. I, Antonov J.V., Jakovlev A.T. Immunologicheskiye aspekty diagnstiki melioidoza [Immunological aspects of melioidosis detection]// Aktualniye voprosy immunodiagnostiki osobo opasnyh infektsiy - Currect aspects of emminently dangerous infections  immunodetection. - Stavropol, 1986. Part.II. P.31-33.
   
   
Title:

DISINFECTION EFFICIENCY OF "BIODEZ EXTRA TLD" PREPARATION SOLUTIONS AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM AND MICROORGANISMS SPORES IN LABORATORY

   
Authors: Kabardov S.S. - Doctor of Veterinary Science, professor, director; Koichuev A.U.- staff scientist; Saypullaev M.S. - candidate of veterinary sciences, staff scientist.
   
Address: Caspian Area Research Veterinary Institute, Makhachkala (tel/fax (òåë./ôàêñ (8722) 67-94-65; E-mail: pznivi05@mail.ru).
   
Abstract: Despite the wide variety of disinfectants, disinfection of veterinary service facilities using disinfectants is not very large. The laboratory studies revealed that the "Biodez Extra-TLD" new tool disinfects mycobacteria bacilli and spores at twice irrigation with 1 hour intervals 1:00. New domestic tool "Biodez Extra-TLD" meets modern requirements imposed on disinfectants. This article discusses the disinfection properties of the new domestic tool "Biodez Extra-TLD" against Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli and spores.
This article summarizes the data on disinfection mode sudies (concentration, exposure, and consumption of disinfecting solution) "Biodez Extra-TLD" solution on rough surfaces contaminated with experimental cultures suspension (Mycobacterium pc-B-5 and spores Bac. Cereus 96 pieces). Test surfaces were decontaminated by irrigation (one and twice with an interval of 60 minutes). All studies were done three times. The laboratory studies showed that the "Biodez Extra-TLD" tool disinfects Mycobacterium tuberculosis at 3.0% solution, and bacillus spores at 5,0% solution at twice irrigation with of 60 minutes intervals at 3 times exposure and 24 hours at 0,5 litre/m2 ratio for each irrigation.
   
Keywords: concentration, exposure, solution flow rate, disinfection, spores, mycobacteria, test culture, test surface
   
References: 1. Noskova A.V. Noviye dezinfitsiruyushchiye sredstva [ Novel disinfectants].//Veterinariya, 2009. Vol.9 P. 43-46.
2. Saypullaev M.S., Popov N.I. Proizvodstvenniye ispytaniya rastvorov preparata “Dezakar” [Field trials of "Dezakar" drug solution]. //Ros.zhur. Problemy sanitaria, gigiyeny i ekologii - Russian journal Problems of veterinary sanitary, hygiene and ecology. 2013.Vol.1 (9). P.38-41.
3. Sidorchuk A.A., Krupalnik V.A., Popov N.I., Glushakov A.A., Vasenko S.V. Veterinarnaya sanitariya [Veterinary sanitary ]. - Sankt-Petersburg-Moscow-Krasnodar, 2011. 6 p.
4. Volkovsky G.D. O vozmozhnosti dezinfektsii pochvy pri sibirskoy yazve bromistym metilom [On possibility of soil disinfection at Anthrax using methyl bromide]//Voprosy effektivnosti protivosibireyazvennyh meropriyatiy – Issues of anti-anthrax measures efficiency: proceedings from All-Russian conference. - Moscow, 1974. P. 173.
5. Orlov F.M. Infektsionniye zabolevaniya krupnogo rogatogo skota [Cattle Infectious diseases].- Ìoscow: Kolos, 1996. 368p
6. Polyakov A.A. veterinarnaya sanitariya [Veterinary sanitary]. - Ìoscow: Kolos, 1979. 231p.
7. Smirnov A.M., Budko M.P., Volkovsky G.D. Veterinarno-sanitarniye meropriyatiya pri sibirskoy yazve [Veterinary and sanitation measures at Anthrax]//Veterinarnaya gazeta - Veterinary newapaper.2002. Vol.7. P. 2-7; ¹8. P.7.
   
   
Title:

EFFICIENCY OF BROILER VACCINATION AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE USING OCULAR METHOD

   
Authors: Brit V.I. - postgraduate; Kushnir A.T.- Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor, staff scientist.
   
Address: Russian Academy of Agricultural Science State Research Institution «All-Russian National Research Institute for Veterinary Virology and Microbiology», E-mail: vniivvim@niiv.petush.elcom.ru).
   
Abstract: The report provides experimental data on immunization efficiency of KOBB500 cross-bred broilers against Newcastle disease with a vaccine based on La-Sota strain by ocular inoculation according to the active guidelines. The vaccinated chickens were 14 days old when maternal antibody level reduced to 4 log2. After the chicken immunization no response clinical signs were found, however, a slight increase of death rate is reported. At seven days after the immunization, protective antibody level was 5.1 log2, and 17 - 25 days of post immunization the antibody titers were about 6 log2. Such parameters indicate low level of seroconversion because of insufficient vaccine dosage. Thus, as indicated on the commercial vaccine pack dosage is as much as 6,3?106 EID50 , in fact this dosage is significantly lower because of vaccine storage and transportation period vaccine potency level reduces. On average, the vaccine potency level reduces by 0,5 lg i.e. for 3 times within the first two months after it is produced. These results suggest that to protect broilers from Newcastle disease the vaccine should be titrated on the spot before using in order to determine its actual biological activity level, and prepare treatment solution for the required dose concentrations. The vaccination performed duly to instructions does not have adverse affect on broiler performance and scheduled production figures. As for the drawbacks, this immunization technique is labor–consuming and stressful for chicken during their trapping that raises death rate during the post-vaccination period. The average cost of the ocular immunization is about 0.09 roubles/bird.
   
Keywords: ocular vaccination, broilers, chicken, application, ocular method, Newcastle disease
   
References: 1. Fisinin V.I. Ptitsevodstvo Rossii v 2010 godu : sostoyaniye i strategicheskiye trendy innovatsionnogo razvitiya otlasli [Poultry farming of Russia in 2010: its state and strategic trends of innovative development ]//Proceedings from the seventh international veterinary congress on poultry farming April 12-15, 2011 – Moscow,. P.5-19.
2. Fisinin V.I. Obshcheye problemy ptitsevodstva  [General issues of poultry breeding ]//Proceedings from the second international veterinary congress on poultry farming March, 21-13st, 2006 - Moscow, 2006. P. 5-19.
3. Selivanov A.V. Gruppovaya profilaktika infektsionnyh bolezney zhivotnyh [Shared prevention measures against animal infectious diseases]. Moscow.: "Kolos", 1966. P. 3.
4. Kushnir A.T., Hripunov E.M. Epizootologicheskiye aspekty massovoy profilaktiki infektsionnyh bolezney selskohozyaystvennyh zhivotnyh [Epizootological aspects of mass prevention measures of livestock infectious diseases]//Problemy infektsionnyh i invazionnyh bolezney selskohozyaystvennyh zhivotnyh [Problems of livestock infectious and invasion diseases]: proceedings from Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after Skryabin K.I. - Moscow, 1999. P.123-124.
5. Bondarenko I.M., Burtsev V. I, Chernyshev V. V, Kushnir À.Ò. Ob effektivnosti nazalnogo, oralnogo i ingalyatsionnogo metodov vaktsinatsii ptits protiv psevdochumy [On efficiency of nasal, oral and inhalation methods of poultry vaccination against avian pseudo-plagues]//itogi nauchnyh issledovaniy i rekomendatsii po profilaktike bolezney ptits v hozyaystvah promyshlennogo tipa: tezisy dokladov na Vsesoyuznom sovashchanii - Results of scientific researches and recommendations on poultry diseases prevention in farms of industrial type: theses reports at All-Union Congress. Kuybyshev. November13-15, 1973. P.48-50.
6. Izotova N.A., Kushnir A.T., Dutko Yu.S. Aerozolnaya vaktsinatsiya tsiplyat protiv nyukaslskoy bolezni i ILT kur [Chicken aerosol vaccination against hen Newcastle diseases and chicken laryngotracheitis //Voprosy veterinarnoy virusologii, mikrobiologii i ipizootologii - Questions of veterinary virology, microbiology and epizootology: theses reports of scientific conference dedicated to the 30 anniversary of VNIIVVIM.- Pokrov, 1988. P.33.
7. Burtsev V.I, Bondarenko I.M., Chernyshev V.V, Kushnir A.T. Immunologicheskaya effektivnost aerozolnoy vaktsinatsii ptits protiv pseudochumy [Immunological efficiency of poultry aerosol vaccination against Newcastle disease]//Veterinariya. 1970. Vol.1. P.37-40.
8. Kushnir A.T. Tehnologiya aerozolnoy vaktsinatsii selskohozyaystvennyh zhivotnyh i ptits [Technology of livestock and poultry aerosol vaccination] //Voprosy veterinarnoy virusologii, mikrobiologii i epizootologii: Questions of veterinary virology, microbiology and epizootology: theses reports of scientific conference VNIIVVIM, November 1990. - Pokrov, 1990. P.188-190.
   
   
Title:

NATURAL RESISTANCE, SAFETY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF YOUNG PIGS IN THE APPLICATION SPOROBACTERIN

   
Authors: 1Alekseyev I.A. – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor, head of chair; 2Sofronov V.G.- Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor, head of chair; 1Toboev A.S.- postgraduate.
   
Address: 1Chuvash State Agricultural Academy.
Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after Bauman N.E.
   
Abstract: Maintaining newborn piglets and growing healthy, well-performing young animals is the basis of successful development of industrial pig-breeding. The aggravation of current ecological situation is particularly concerning because of newborn piglets increasing morbidity and mortality from gastrointestinal diseases, reduction of natural resistance and productivity in animal breeding. [1,2]. In this regard, currently, the attention of scholars and practitioners is particularly focused on positive influence of probiotic antibacterial drugs on piglet organism. Scientific findings and achievements suggest that probiotic useful effects can be seen through direct antagonistic action against specific groups of microorganisms (formation of antibacterial substances), competition for nutrients and place of living, alteration of microbial metabolism (increase or decrease of enzymatic activity, stimulation of immune system, etc.). One such recently developed preparations, is sporobacterin liquid. [3,6].
Using this drug during the first thirty days of life for 0.2-0.5 ml per piglet promotes to increase resistance up to 7,86-8,64% (P<0.01), piglet livability up to 96 - 100% and average daily weight gain up to 6,70-7,46% (P <0.01).
   
Keywords: sporobacterin, natural, nonspecific resistance, livability, growth, development, young piglets, weight gain, body weight, efficiency
   
References: 1. Abramov S.S. Profilaktika nezaraznyh bolezney molodnyaka [prevention of non-transmittable diseases in young herds]. - Ìoscow: Kolos. 2000. P. 103-104.
2. Avylov G.K. Vliyaniye mikroklimata v svinarnikah na zdrovye i produktivnost zhivotnyh [Influence of microclimate in pigpen on swine health and performance//Svinovodstvo - Swine breeding. 2002. Vol.2. P.26-28.
3. Anokhina V. Produktivnost i obmen veshestv pri skarmlivanii molodnyaku sviney raznyh po sostavu kormosmesey s dobavkoy probiotika [Piglet performance and metabolism at feeding with mixed fodder containing probiotic//Svinovodstvo - Swine breeding. 2008. vol.2. P.20-21.
4. Baklina L.F. Probiotiki na osnove sporoobrazuyushih bakteriy roda Bacillus i ih ispolzovaniye v veterinarii [probiotics based spore-forming bacteria of Bacillus genus and their using in Veterinary //Biotehnologiya - Biotechnology. 2002. vol.2. P.48-52.
5. Bakhtin A.G. Zheludochno-kishechniye bolezni sviney [Swine gastrointestinal diseases].-Ìoscow, 2006. P.18-20.
6. Vremennoye nastavleniye po primeneniyu preparata sporobakterina zhidkogo [Interim manual on using Sporobacterin liquid drug]. Orenburg. (Ð ¹000794/01 of 11/1/2011).
7. Kramarov V.M. Noviye produkty spetsificheskih endonukleaz iz mikroorganizmov roda bacillus [Novel products from specific endonucleases of Bacillus genera]//Molekularnaya genetika, mikrobiologiya, virusologiya - Molecular genetics, microbiology, virology. 2006. Vol.6. P.42-45.
8. Lysenko S. Ispolzovaniye probiotikov posle antibiotikov [Using probiotics after antibiotics]//Ptitsevodstvo – Poultry breeding. 2008. Vol.8. P.42-43.
9. Nozdrin G.A. Farmakologicheskiye aspekty primeneniya probiotikov na osnove Bacillus subtilis [Pharmacological aspects of using probiotics based on Bacillus subtilis]//Noviye farmakologicheskiye sredstva v veterinarii – Novel pharmaceuticals in Veterinary. – S. Petersburg, 2003. P27-28.
10. Chumachenko V.E, Vysotskij A.M., et al. Opredeleniye yestestvennoy resistentnosti i obmena veshestv u selskohozyaystvennyh zhivotnyh [Determining natural resistance and metabolism in livestock animals]. - Kiev: Urozhay - Crop, 1990. 134 p.
  Non-transmittable diseases
   
Title:

THE «VIAPENUM» DRUG EFFICIENCY IN CALVES ACUTE POSTPARTUM ENDOMETRITIS THERAPY

   
Authors: Cheskidova L.V. - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, senior staff scientist; Vostroilova G.A. - Doctor of Biology, head of laboratory.
   
Address: State Scientific Institution «All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy», Voronezh E-mail: vnivipat@mail.ru).
   
Abstract: The article provides the investigation results of novel combined drug in foam aerosol form, intended for treating the calves having acute postpartum endometritis. The species composition of microflora isolated from sick animals’ genital tracts and their sensitivity to various chemotherapeuticals was studied. The studies showed that the microflora is represented by associations of various microorganisms. The dioxidine and norfloxacin composition in 1.5:3.0 ratio (in mass %) has the most expressed antimicrobial in vitro effect. This became a reason to have clinical trials for the preparation efficiency. The research results showed that the «Viapenum» drug has high therapeutic effect in calves acute postpartum endometritis therapy (91.8 %).
At intrauterine introduction the «Viapenum» components are absorbed into the blood and enter milk. After a single intrauterine introduction the dioxidine and norfloxacin are identified in calves organisms at 48 hours and at 72 hours after five-fold introduction they are identified in samples in trace amounts.
Therefore, this efficient therapeutical is offered for better veterinary practice to treat calves acute postpartum endometritis. The data provided in this article suggest that antimicrobial drug components (dioxidine and norfloxacin) have a synergistic effect. The «Viapenum» drug showed its wide range of antimicrobial activity and rapidness. The above mentioned allows to recommend the «Viapenum» foam aerosol preparation as a etiotrop means for complex therapy of livestock genitals pyoinflammatory diseases.
   
Keywords: cows, endometritis, «Viapenum», antimicrobial activity, therapeutic efficiency, residual quantity of preparation
   
References: 1. State pharmacopoeia in the USSR: Edition 2. Obshiye metody analiza. Lekarstvennoye rastitelnoye syryo [General methods of analysis. Medical herbs] / the USSR Ministry of Healthcare. 11 revised edition. - Ìoscow: Medicine, 1989. 400 p, with pictures.
2. Ivanov A.V., Gaffarov H.Z. Etiopatogenez respiratorno-genitalnyh infektsiy krupnogo rogatogo skota, problemy i perspektivy ih diagnostiki , profilaktiki i borby s nimi [Etiopathogenizis of cattle respiratory and genital diseases, problems and prospects of their detection, prevention, and control] // Veterinarny Vrach. 2008. Vol. 4. P. 2-7.
3. Kotsarev V.N, Boyov V.Yu. Antimikrobny preparat dinopen dlya terapii swinomatok pri poslerodovyh zabolevaniyah [The ‘dinopen’antimicrobial drug for sow therapy at postnatal diseases]//Veterinariya. 2011. Vol. 11. P. 42-44.
4. Nezhdanov A.G., Shabunin S.V. Evolyutsiya printsipov i optimizatsiya metodov terapii korov pri gnoyno-vospalitelnyh zabolevaniyah polovyh organov [Evolution of  principles and optimization of calves therapy methods at genitals pyoinflammatory diseases //Sovremenniye problemy veterinarnogo obespecheniya reproduktivnogo zdorovya zhivotnyh – Current issues of Veterinary to provide animal welfare: proceedings from scientific conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of prof. Akatov V.A. - Voronezh, 2009. P. 13-18.
5. Pogorelov V.I., Stepanova E.F., Michnik L.A., et al. Farmatsevticheskaya tehnologiya [Pharmaceutical technology]. - Rostov-on-Don: Fenix, 2002. 544p.
6. Shabunin S.V., Vasilevich F.I., Nezhdanov A.G. Prakticheskoye rukovodstvo po obespecheniyu produktivnogo zdorovya krupnogo rogatogo skota [Practical guidance to provide cattle welfare; edited by S.V.Shabunin, F.I.Vasilevich. - Voronezh: «Antares», 2011. 220 p.
7. Rabinovich M.I. nesovmestimost i pobochnoye deystviye lekarstv, primenyayemyh v veterinarii [Incompatibility and adverse action of medicals  applied in Animal Health]. - Ìoscow: Koloss, 2006. 248 p.
8. Ratsionalnaya antimikrobnaya farmakoterapiya: rukovodstvo dlya praktikuyushh vrachey [Rational antimicrobial pharmacotherapy: manual for medical practitioners]; edited by V.P.Yakovleva, S.V.Yakovleva. - Ìoscow: Litterra, 2003. 1008 p.
9. Shabunin S.V. Sovremenniye printsipy i podhody k sozdaniyu lechebno-profilakticheskih sredstv v veterinarii [ Modern principles and approaches to design therapeutical and prevention  drugs in Animal Health// Veterinarny vrach. 2009. Vol. 3. P. 15-18.
10. British Pharmacopoeia 2009. Volume I AND II, Monographs: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Substances: Norfloxacin. P. 1163.
11. Malinowski E., Lassa H., Markiewicz H., et al. Sensitivity to antibiotics of Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli from the uteri of cows with metritis/endometritis.//Vet J. 2011. Feb. 187 (2). P. 234-238.
   
   
Title:

CATTLE ENDOPARASITES SPECIES VARIATY AND THEIR PREVALENCE IN UKRAINE FOREST-STEPPE AREA

   
Authors: Temny N. - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, senior staff scientist, head of laboratory; Poleschuk N.G. - staff veterinarian Parasitological department laboratory.
   
Address: National Research Centre «Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine», Kharkiv, Ukraine (Å-mail: tnv@yandex.ru).

   
Abstract: The cattle on lowland pastures were found to be infected with five parasite species of digestive system: up to 35% by Fasciola, 50 by Parafistomes, 1,3% by Dicroceles, 64% by Strongilyates, 6,5% by Eimeria at invasion rate of 9-21 eggs per 1 gram of feces and 40-50 Eimeria eggs in microscope field; Dictyocaulus invasion rate 30-40% from 18 to 56 copies; in blood 25-60% of the animals microfilariae of Setarias from 28 to 45 larva were detected. In parasite cenosis structure young animals had Strongilyates of alimentary tract and Trihurises 20%, Neoaskaris 15%, Strongyloides 5, 7%, Eimeries 11,5-48%.
On upland meadows cows and calves over one year old were infected with dicrocelium from 7,5 to 55%, Strongilyates alimentary tract is 16,6-100%, Trihurises 8,3-51%, Neoaskaris 5,5%, Strongyloides 12%, including Eimeries. In August, 25-30% cows were registered to have monieziasis, on upland meadows and open pastures 55-60% of young animals were infected wih Telyaziosis. On farms with primer coating and unchanged litter, from 5,5 to 15% young animals were infected with Neoaskaris, 5,7-12% with Strongyloides. Of Eimeria cases E.alabamensis, E.bovis (30-90%) were reported more frequently than E.zuernii. Of soil samples and grass pasture samples eggs of Trihurises, larvae of Haemonchus contortus genus, Nematodirus sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Bunostomum sp., Strongyloides papillosus were isolated.
   
Keywords: cattle, helminths, Eimeria, pasture, cattle housing
   
References: 1. Dahno ².S. Epizootologiya, patogenetichnata imunokorigyucha terapiya pri fasciolozi i dikrotseliozi zhuynyh tvarin: abstract from dissertation. Doctor of Veterinary Sciences. - Harkiv, 2001.36 p.
2. Onufrienko M.E. Cattle fasciolosis in northwest area of Russia: abstract from dissertation. Doctor of Veterinary Sciences. – St. Petersburg, 2004. 55 p.
3. West I.A., Latif C.B. Beam Frequency endoparasites in exotic Calves Cattle Short message Pakistan//Vet. J. 2005. Vol. 25 ¹ 1. P. 47-51.
4. Logachyova E.A. Sravnitelnaya effektivnost protivokoktsidiynyh preparatov pro eymeriozah zhivotnyh v uloviyah Krasnodarskogo kraya [comparative efficiency of anti-coccidial drugs at animal eimeriosis in Krasnodar area: abstract of dissertation for Candidate of Veterinary Sciences. - Krasnodar 2002. 37 p.
5. Galat V.F, Shevchenko A.M. Poshirennya ta sezonna dinamika paramfistimatozu velikoi rogatoi hudobi na Chernigovshini//Veterinarnaya meditsina: mizhvid. temat. nauk. colection. 2005. Vol. 85. P. 257-259.
6. Kotelnikov G.A. Gelmintologicheskiye issledovaniya zhivotnyh i okruzhayushey sredy [helmintological researches of animals and environment]: directory - Ìoscow: Kolos, 1984. 208 p.
7. Alunda J.M., Rojo-Vazquez F.A. Survival and infectivity of Dicrocoelium dendriticumeggs under field conditions in NWSpain.//Vet. Parasitol.1983, ¹13 P 245-249.
8 Tembely S. Development and survival of infective larvae of nematode parasites of sheep on pasture in a cool tropical environment//Vet. Parasitol. 1998, ¹79, P 81-87.
9. El-Azazy O.M. Seasonal changes and inhibited the development of abomasal nematodes in sheep 6and goats in Saudi Arabia//The vet. ðarasitology.1995. ¹ 58. P 91-98.;
10. Katkov A.E. Bioekologicheskaya harastika osnovnyh gelmintozov krupnogo rogatogo skota na territorii hozyaystv Ulyanovskoy oblasti [Bioecological characterization of major cattle helmintoses in farms of Ulyanovsk region]//Prospects of agroindustrial production of the Russian Federation regions in realization of priority national project «Development of agrarian and industrial complex»: proceedings from All-Russian scientific and practical conference (Within the XVI international specialised exhibition «Agro Kompleks-2006»). - Ufa, 2006 P. 60-64
11. Urquhart G.M., Armour J., Duncan J.L., Dunn A.M. And Jennings, F. W//The vet. ðarasitology, 2nd ed. Science Blackwell, United Kingdom.1996. P307.
12. Mazanny O.V. reproduktivna funktsiya trematod pri fastsiolozno-trematodozniy invazii velikoi rogatoi hudoby// Vestik zoologii. 2005. Vol. 19. Part.2. P. 219-220.
13. Bittirov A.M. Formirovaniye gelmintologicheskih kompleksov zhivotnyh na Tsentralnom Kavkaze i sposoby regulyatsii chislennosti gelmintov [Formation of animal helmintological complexes in Central Caucuses and ways of helmites nuber regulation: abstract of dissertation of Doctor of Biological Sciences. - Moscow 1999, 55 p.
  Parasitology
   
Title:

EVALUATION OF THE EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON FORMATION OF FISH INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC PATHOLOGY IN REGIONAL FOOD MARKET AREA

   
Authors: 1Pashkina Yu.V. - Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor; 2Pashkin A.V. - Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor, head of chair; 1Gorbunov P.A. – postgraduate; 2Karelkin D.V. – postgraduate.
   
Address: FGBI HPE «Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy», Nizhniy Novgorod (E-mail: kafedra30@mail.ru).
   
Abstract: Being intermediate and supplementary hosts for a number of parasites fish are carriers and main source of parasites for human.  Welfare evaluation of fish bred in Nizhniy Novgorod fisheries and quality evaluation of fish raw imported from other regions and countries is the one of the main task of veterinary service to provide human safety.This article provides comparative evaluation of contamination level of different fish species by endo- and ecoparasites.Generally, epizootic situation both in local fisheries and regions exporting food products to Nizhniy Novgorod significantly influences on formation of nosological profile of fish infectious pathology in this region. During this work fish was revealed to be a part of parasite system functioning in surface water body, as evidenced by the high level extension (M = 16,23 ± 0,8%). The most often registered fish infection is by helminthes (69,8% of all cases), including bothriocephalosis.In 2012, three farms (LLC «Rybhoz Vetelma» Kulebaki district, LLC «Borok» Kstovo and «Rybhoz Polderevky» in Vyksa) were infected with fish diseases in Nizhny Novgorod region where restrictive measures including complex influence on all parts of epizootic chain were timely taken.
   
Keywords: parasitosis, fish, nosological profile
   
References: 1. Gorbunov P.A., Gorbunova N.Yu., Isakova A.N. Ekto- i endoparazitozy morskih i prohodnyh ryb [ecto- and endoparasitoses of salt-water and migratory fish]//Problema selskohozyaystvennogo proizvodstva: proceedings from Scientific and practical conference for teachers and students following the results of researches of Nizhniy Novgorod Academy of Agriculture 2009-2010 – Nizhniy .Novgorod, 2010. P.47.
2. Gorchakova N.G., Bykov V.P., Sochnev V.V. Funktsionirovaniye otkrytyh parazitarnyh system na primere opistorhoza [Functioning of open parasitic systems at opisthorchiasis as an example] – Nizhniy Novgorod, 2003. 174 p.
3. Gorchakova N.G., Sochnev V.V., Aliev A.A. Vzaimootnosheniya “parazit-hozyain” v infektsionnoy parazitarnoy sisteme [The "parasite-host" relationship in infectious parasitic system]//Current issues of ecological safety in agriculture and forestry: proceedings from scientific and practice conference.  Nizhniy Novgorod  Nov. 3-5rd, 2003 – Nizhniy Novgorod, 2004. P.300-309.
4. Ibragimov S.N., Shilkina L.V., Sochnev V.V. Intensivnye pokazateli funktsionorovaniya infectsionnyh parazitarnyh system na terrtoriyah, prilegayushih k RF [Intensive parameters of infectious parasitic systems functioning in the areas adjoining to the Russian Federation]//the International bulletin of veterinary science, 2011. Vol. 4. P.12-14.
5. Pashkin A.V., Parayeva O.M, Sergeeva E.V. Domashniye zhivotnye i vozbuditeli zaraznyh bolezney – soaktanty infektsionnyh i invazionnyh parazitarnyh system [domestic animals and inducers of infectious diseases – co-actors of infectious and invasive parasitic systems//Veterinary medicine of domestic animals: collection of articles. - Kazan: Pechatny dvor, 2007. Vol.4. P.133-136.
6. Pashkina J.V., Sochnev V.V., Pashkin A.V. Metodologiya nauchnyh issledovaniy v epizootologii [Methods of scientific researches in epizootology] (manual). – Nizhniy Novgorod, 2006. 148 p.
7. Pomerantsev D.A., Sochnev V.V., Kulikova O.L. Epizootologicheskiy analiz i ekspertnaya otsenka formorovaniya nozologicheskogo profilya infektsionnoy invazionnoy patalogii ryb v razlichnyh regionah Rossii [Epizootological analysis and an expert assessment of nosological profile formation at
  Zootechny
   
Title:

THE EFFICIENCY OF TARGETED MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS IN CATTLE DIETS

   
Authors: 1Zaripov F.R. – graduate; 1Kayumov R.S. – graduate; 1Yakimov A.V.- Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor, director; 2Hazipov N.N. - Candidate of Biological Sciences.
   
Address: 1Research centre «Forage», Kazan (E-mail: korma_116@mail.ru).
2The Republic Tatarstan Ministry of Agriculture, Kazan (E-mail: Nazip.Hazipov@tatar.ru).
   
Abstract: The article offers the additional reserve of increasing meat production in the Republic of Tatarstan at by growing meat mix-bred young herds derived from low-productive cows of black-motley breed bulls and meat breeds along with address mineral additives introduction into their rations.
The first series of laboratory studies showed significant differences in mineral substances content in forage from Predvolzhsk area of the Republic of Tatarstan according to A.P. Kalashnikov and his co-authors’ data (2003). Basing on the indicated actual deficit in the animal feeding, we have developed recipes for cattle address premixes. The second series of laboratory experiments showed that the «Stimul+» mineral additive according to GOST 12.1.007.76 refers to the fourth class of chemical hazard, and on the hygienic classification - to low-toxic compounds.
The first scientific and field experiments demonstrated crossing-over the cows of black-motley breed with Aberdeen-Angus bulls results in highly productive offspring, particularly at using the address premixes for the mineral rations optimization. The created feeding conditions allowed the cross-breed bulls to show higher meat indexes and edibility coefficient for 4,35 and 3.75 respectively and edible meat part with favorable biochemical composition (maturity indicator 15,87%), which characterizes it as moderately marble. The results of the second scientific and field experiments showed that the optimal level of macro-and micronutrients in the diet improved the bulls performance providing higher sperm quality, by reducing faults from 5 to 10%. The use of feed additives in the cattle diets is economically profitable.
   
Keywords: diet, fodder, biologically active additives, cattle
   
References: 1. Mysik A.T. Razvitiye zhivotnovodstva v mire v 2008-2009 godah [Animal breeding development in the world in 2008-2009]//Zootehniya. 2012. Vol.1. P. 2-5.
2. Yakimov À.Â., Gromakov V.V., Rahmatullin A.I., et al. Effektivnost ispolzovaniya kombikormov s suhoy spirtovoy bardoy v sochitanii s fermentom v ratsionah krupnogo rogatogo skota [Efficiency of using mixed fodder containing dry alcohol grain stillage in combination with enzymes in cattle rations//Zootehniya. 2011. Vol. 9. P. 13-14.
3. Khazipov N. Potrbnost v produktah zhivotnovodstvah obespechena polostyu [Animal products requirements is provided completely]//Zhivotnovodstvo Rossii - Animal breeding in Russia. 2012. Vol.2. P.4-5.
4. Kalashnikov A.P., Shcheglov V.V., Pervov N.G. Normy i ratsiony kormleniya selskohozyaystvennyh zhivotnyh [Norms and rations of livestock animals feeding]. - Moscow, 2003. 422 p.
5. Zaripova L.P., Salnikova M.Ya., Abdullina R.M, et al. Korma Tatarskoy ASSR, ih sostav i pitatelnost [Fodder in Tatar ASSR, their composition and nutritional value]. - Kazan: Tatknigoizdat, 1975. 360 p.
6. Zaripova L.P., Abuzyarov R.H., Gaynullina M.K., et al. Korma Tatarskoy ASSR, sostav, pitatelnost i ispolzovaniye [Fodder in Tatar ASSR, composition, nutritional value and usage]. - Kazan: "Fan", 1999. 208 p.
7. Zaripova L.P., Nurtdinov M.G., Hazipov N.N., etc. Korma Tatarskoy ASSR, sostav, pitatelnost i ispolzovaniye [Fodder in Tatar ASSR, composition, nutritional value and usage]. - Kazan: Foliant, 2010. 272 p.
8. Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii dlya raschyota retseptov kombikormovoy promyshlennosti [Methodical recommendations for calculation of  mixed fodder industrial recipes]. - Ìoscow: Open Joint-Stock Company «All-Russian Research Institute of Mixed Fodder Industry», 2003. 148 p.
  Physiology
   
Title:

EVALUATION AND PREDICTION OF NEWBORN CALVES VIABILITY BASING ON BODY TEMPERATURE DURING BIRT

   
Authors: Ahkmadiyev G.M.- Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, professor.
   
Address: GAOU VPO «Naberezhnye Chelny State Institute of Trade and Technology Institute» Republic of Tatarstan (E-mail: ahmadievgm@mail.ru).
   
Abstract: Cows and newborn calves diseases should be considered as veterinary and medical, environmental and biomedical problem, which, along with the factors like environment and age the important role of physiological response, vitality and relationship with maternal and paternal organisms, their performance, as well as parents habitude (4). Study and definition of behavioral indicators, growth and performance for evaluation and prediction of calves viability and productivity basing on body temperature at birth derived from cows of different breeds is an urgent problem for animal husbandry and veterinary medicine.The results of scientific research on young calves physiological parameters and behavioral responses derived from cows of different breeds showed that the degree of development and manifestation of protective and adaptive mechanisms and influence of different environmental factors are of high importance. In the early stages of development calves habitual indicators are closely connected with that of cows that is the basis for early evaluation, forecasting viability and productivity of growing ruminants.
   
Keywords: life support, evaluation, prediction, body temperature, resistance, viability, productivity, growth, development, calves, cows, mother, breed
   
References: 1. Akhmadiyev G.M. Immunobiologicheskiye aspekty otsenki i prognozirovaniya zhiznesposobnosti novorozhdyonnyh zhivotnyh [ Immunobiological aspects of evaluation and forecasting of newly born animals viability]. - Kazan: Ruten, 2005. 168 p.
2. Akhmadiyev G.M. Otsenka stressustoychivosti i stresschuvstvitelnosti zhvachnyh zhivotnyh i ih potomstva [Stress-resistance and stress-sensitivity evaluation in ruminants and their off-springs]//Sovremenniye napravleniya teoretichekih i prikladnyh issledovaniy 2013 - Modern trends in theoretical and applied researches 2013: proceedings from international scientific and practical conference: collection proceedings SWorld.- Odessa: Kuprienko, 2013. Volume38. Edition1. P.41-48.
3. Akhmadiyev G.M. Stresschuvstvitelnost ovtsematok i ih yagnyat v ranniy postnatalny period [Stress-sensitivity of ewes and their lambs in the early postnatal period// Veterinarny Vrach. 2013. Vol.3.
4. Patent 2050130 Russian Federation, ÌÏÊ 6À 01 To 67/02, G 01 N 33/53. Dmitriyev A.F. Sposob opredeleniya zhiznesposobnosti novorozhdyonnyh zhivotnyh [Method of determining neonatal animals viability]/ authorship: A.K.Bulashev, K.T.Shenzhanov; the applicant and patent owner are Stavropol Institute of Agriculture, Tselinograd Institute of Agriculture. - ¹ 5043633/15; accepted in 31.03.92; published in 20.12.95, Bulletin ¹ 31.
5. Germanskaya L.A., Evsikov V. I. Rol fiziologicheskih vzaimootnosheniy i “mat-plod” v stanovlenii zhiznesposobnosti potomkov [Influence of physiological relationship and "mother-fetus" pattern in formation of off-springs viability]// Sibirskaya zoologicheskaya koferentsiya - Siberian zoological conference: proceedings from All-Russia conference. - Novosibirsk, 2004 P.239.
6. Dmitriyev A.F. Prognozirovaniye zhiznesposobnosti novorozhdennyh yagnyat [Forecasting of neonatal lambs viability]// Selektsiya selskohozyaystvennyh zhivotnyh na ustoychvost  k boleznyam i povysheniye resistentnosti v usloviyah promyshlennoy tehnologii – Livestock selection for diseases stability and increasing resistance in industrial technology. - Ìoscow, 1989. – Issued in 8. 03.92; published in  20.12.95, Bulletin ¹ 31.
7. Dmitriyev A.F., Postnikova E.I., Ediev À.U, Simonov A.N., Isabaeva D.A. Prognozirovaniye zhiznesposobnosti novorazhdennyh telyat [Forecasting newly born calves viability]// ovtsy, kozy, sherstnoye delo - Sheep, goats, wooling. 2001. Vol. 4. P. 26-29.
8. Leontyeva I.L., Vitabatsillin i obmenniye protsessy u telyat v ranniy postnatalny period [Vitabacillin and metabolism processes in calves of early postnatal period]//Veterinaria selskohozyaystvennyh zhivotnyh – Livestock animals veterinary. 2012. Vol. 7. P. 36-39.
9. Patent 2050130 Russian Federation, ÌÏÊ 6À 01 To 67/02, G 01 N 33/53. Sposob sohraneniya produktivnogo zdorovya novorozhdyonnyh telyat [A way of welfare maintenance in neonatal calves] / I.L.Leonteva, L.B.Leontev, G.P.Dyulger, Yu.G.Ivanov (application to ROSPATENT ¹ 2012117712/15, decision on patent issuance of 5/20/2013, priority of 5/2/2012).